bohr niels kramers john slater (2 résultats)

Soft cover. Etat : Very Good. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION of Bohr, Kramers, and Clarke's influential paper that "contained drastic theoretical proposals concerning the interaction of light and matter." Printed simultaneously in German in Zeitschrift fur Physik. "After Kramers had succeeded in extending the scope of the correspondence argument to the theory of optical dispersion - thus rounding off a treatment of the interaction of atomic systems with radiation that accounted for all emission, absorption, and scattering processes - Bohr ventured to propose a systematic formulation of the whole theory, in which what he called the virtual character of the classical model was emphasized. In this he was aided by Kramers and a young American visitor, J. C. Slater, and the new theory was published in 1924 under the authorship of all three. The most striking feature of this remarkable paper, 'The Quantum Theory of Radiation,' was the renunciation of the classical form of causality in favor of a purely statistical description. Even the distribution of energy and momentum between the radiation field and the 'virtual oscillators' constituting the atomic systems was assumed to be statistical, the conservation laws being fulfilled only on the average. This was going too far: the paper was hardly in print before A. H. Compton and A. W. Simon had established by direct experiment the strict conservation of energy and momentum in an individual process of interaction between atom and radiation. Nevertheless, this short-lived attempt exerted a profound influence on the course of events; what remained after its failure was the conviction that the classical mode of description of the atomic processes had to be entirely relinquished" (Dictionary of Scientific Biography). IN: The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Vol. 47, No. 281, May 1924, pp. 785-802). London: Taylor and Francis, 1924. Octavo, original wrappers; custom box. The whole issue in original wrappers. Chips to wrappers spine, otherwise fine. RARE in original wrappers.

Bohr, Niels (1885-1962); H. A. Kramers (1894-1954); and John C. Slater (1900-1976). The quantum theory of radiation. In The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, 6th series, 47 (1924): 785-802. Whole number. 785-1056pp. 2 plates. 223 x 146 mm. Original printed wrappers, spine a bit chipped. Very good. First Edition in English, journal issue of the famous Bohr-Kramers-Slater (BKS) paper, in which Bohr and his co-authors attempted to do away with Einstein's light quanta by proposing a new quantum theory of radiation. The existence of light quanta had been proved experimentally by Arthur H. Compton's discovery of the Compton effect, the change in wavelength of x-rays scattered from a target at various angles. "Compton recognized that the shift in the wavelength of x-rays, if scattered by atoms, could be derived only by assuming the existence of radiation in the form of light-quanta, which collide with the electrons in atoms in elementary processes" (Mehra & Rechenberg, The Historical Development of Quantum Theory, 1, p. 554). However, Bohr disputed Compton's interpretation, and in 1924 published his paper with Kramers and Slater arguing that Compton's observations could be explained by assuming that in interactions between atoms and radiation, energy is only statistically conserved. "The most striking feature of this remarkable paper . . . was the renunciation of the classical form of causality in favor of a purely statistical description. Even the distribution of energy and momentum between the radiation field and the 'virtual oscillators' constituting the atomic systems was assumed to be statistical, the conservation laws being fulfilled only on the average" (Dictionary of Scientific Biography). The Bohr-Kramers-Slater radiation theory was disproved shortly after its publication by the experiments of Bothe and Geiger and of Compton and Simon, which established that the principles of energy conservation and of causality held true even at the most elementary level. "Nevertheless, this short-lived attempt exerted a profound influence on the course of events; what remained after its failure was the conviction that the classical mode of description of the atomic processes had to be entirely relinquished" (Dictionary of Scientific Biography). The BKS paper was first published in German in the Zeitschrift für Physik 24 (1924). .