crick francis james watson maurice (4 résultats)

Hardcover. Etat : Very Good. 1st Edition. ONE OF THE GREATEST STORIES IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE: THE RACE TO UNRAVEL THE STRUCTURE OF DNA SOLVED BY: (1) Watson, J.D. & Crick, F.H.C. 'A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid', pp. 737-738, (2) Wilkins, M.H.F., Stokes, A.R. & Wilson, H.R. 'Molecular structure of deoxypentose nucleic acids', pp. 738-740, (3) Franklin, R.E. & Gosling, R.G. 'Molecular configuration in sodium thymonucleate', pp. 740-741, (4) Watson, J.D. & Crick, F.H.C. 'Genetical implications of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid', pp. 964-967. Offered is the volume of Nature for January-June, 1953 (Vol. 171), crucially containing No. 4, 'Genetical implications of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid', which is not present in the single issue for April or the three-paper offprint often seen on the market. A landmark in the history of science, and one of a handful of the most important (sets of) papers published in the 20th century. Crick and Watson present their double-helical structure for DNA; Franklin and Gosling present 'Photo 51'; Wilkins publishes the paper that will place him alongside Crick and Watson for the 1962 Nobel Prize (with Franklin having died in 1958); Crick and Watson explore the implications of their discovery. The longer story of DNA goes back to the 1860s, and the discovery of 'nuclein' by the Swiss physiological chemist Friedrich Miescher. The chemical composition of what came to be called deoxyribonucleic acid was worked out in the early 20th century. Around the same time, new innovations in X-ray crystallography led to the idea of understanding the physical structure of biomolecules. In 1944 a paper was published by Oswald Avery and his colleagues at Rockefeller University showing that hereditary units, or genes, are composed of DNA. Inspired by this, Erwin Chargaff established his famous 'rules' that govern the ratios of the different nucleic acids. By the early 1950s a number of research teams - at Cambridge and King's College London - were close to solving exact arrangement in space the DNA molecule. Notoriously, Jim Watson was given a glimpse of Franklin's work by Maurice Wilkins, and this proved to be the final piece of the puzzle: on 25 April 1953 Nature published three papers in issue No. 4356, with Crick and Watson claiming the 'prize' of discovery, and the two King's teams represented by their complementary papers - Franklin's including one of the most famous scientific images ever printed, 'Photo 51'. Far from being the end of the race, however, this marked just the start of a revotuion in molecular biology. As Crick and Watson wryly commented at the end of their paper: "It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material." Their first follow-up paper, 'Genetical implications of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid' (No. 4 here) is the first contribution to our understanding of the way in which the double-helix structure and arrangement of nucleotides actually replicate and hence lead to the inheritance of genetic material. Though the story that Crick and Watson ran into the nearby Eagle Pub proclaiming that they had found 'the secret of life' is certainly apocryphal, there is no doubt that all the scientists involved understood the significance of their work. The 1962 Nobel Prize honoured two of the teams - Crick and Watson's, and Wilkins' - and subsequent historians have rightly placed Rosalind Franklin and her colleagues back at the heart of the story. Very good condition in brown cloth with gilt title. NOT ex library as often. Excellent condition throughout; a clean and bright volume.

First edition of this collection of Nobel Lectures in physiology or medicine from the years 1942-1962. Thick Octavo, original yellow cloth. Signed by all three Nobel Prize-winning scientists Francis Crick, James D. Watson and Maurice Wilkins on the title page. They were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1962, "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material."Fine in a very good dust jacket with some closed tears and toning to the spine. An exceptional piece signed by these Nobel Prize-winning scientists. In the early 1950s, the race to discover DNA was on. At Cambridge University, graduate student Francis Crick and research fellow James Watson had become interested, impressed especially by Pauling's work. Meanwhile at King's College in London, Maurice Wilkins (b. 1916) and Rosalind Franklin were also studying DNA. The Cambridge team's approach was to make physical models to narrow down the possibilities and eventually create an accurate picture of the molecule. The King's team took an experimental approach, looking particularly at x-ray diffraction images of DNA. Watson and Crick took a crucial conceptual step, suggesting the molecule was made of two chains of nucleotides, each in a helix as Franklin had found, but one going up and the other going down. Crick had just learned of Chargaff's findings about base pairs in the summer of 1952. He added that to the model, so that matching base pairs interlocked in the middle of the double helix to keep the distance between the chains constant. Watson and Crick showed that each strand of the DNA molecule was a template for the other. During cell division the two strands separate and on each strand a new "other half" is built, just like the one before. This way DNA can reproduce itself without changing its structure -- except for occasional errors, or mutations. The structure so perfectly fit the experimental data that it was almost immediately accepted. DNA's discovery has been called the most important biological work of the last 100 years, and the field it opened may be the scientific frontier for the next 100.

First edition, the three-paper offprint issue, of the primary record of the co-discovery of the molecular structure of DNA. This copy is from the library of Professor Hans Gustav Boman (1924-2008), the leading molecular biologist in Sweden; his signature is in ink on the first page. Three research groups independently investigated the structure of DNA in England in the early 1950s: Francis Crick and James Watson at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge and two teams at King's College, London comprising Maurice Wilkins, Rosalind Franklin, Raymond Gosling, Alec Stokes, and Herbert Wilson. To acknowledge the simultaneity of the discovery, the directors of the respective institutions agreed that the three resulting papers would be published under the general title Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids in the British scientific weekly Nature. Crick and Watson's paper, "A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid", is illustrated with a schematic drawing by Odile Crick of the twisted-ladder structure of DNA, now famously known as the double helix. Wilkins, Stokes, and Wilson co-wrote "Molecular Structure of Deoxypentose Nucleic Acids", the second paper. Franklin and her research student Gosling submitted "Molecular Configuration in Sodium Thymonucleate", which features a half-tone illustration of Gosling's iconic X-ray "Photograph 51" of crystallized DNA. Franklin died four years before the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Crick, Watson, and Wilkins in 1962 for their work on DNA, but without question her "contributions, and indeed her actual X-ray data, were crucial to the total achievement" (ODNB). "Two offprints exist of Watson and Crick's paper: a single sheet containing the Watson and Crick article only, and a fourteen-page pamphlet containing the papers of all three research groups. The pamphlet pages are smaller in size than the single leaf, which has the same dimensions as the leaves of the journal, and the layout is different, the single-leaf offprint being printed in two columns like the journal, the pamphlet in single-column pages. The page breaks are different in each of the two offprints and the journal, as is the placement of the illustrations relative to the text. Despite these differences, all three versions appear to have been printed from the same setting of type, except that in the two offprints one paragraph of text has been reset to accommodate the placement of the diagram of the DNA molecule" (Grolier, p. 363). Haskell F. Norman discusses the difficulty in establishing priority between the two formats in his introduction to One Hundred Books Famous in Medicine and closes by stating that "it is now our tentative conclusion that the three-paper offprint is the first issue" (p. xxi). Boman "was one of the pioneers in the field of molecular biology in Sweden" (Norrby, p. 11). After teaching at Uppsala University he transferred to Umeå University to establish their microbiology department; under his leadership it became an international hub of research excellence. "Halfway through his career Boman moved on to Stockholm University and initiated a completely new line of research. It pioneered the development of insights into the emerging field of natural immunity. He developed this work in collaboration with Swedish colleagues and coined the term cecropines for this new kind of peptide antibiotics. This was a Nobel-class discovery" but - like Franklin - Boman died before he could see his research recognized as such (Norrby, p. 11). In 2011, his work formed the basis of a discovery by Jules Hoffman and Bruce Beutler, for which they received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Garrison-Morton 256.3 (Crick and Watson's paper); Grolier, One Hundred Books Famous in Medicine, 99; Heirs of Hippocrates 2342. Erling Norrby, Nobel Prizes: Cancer, Vision and the Genetic Code, 2019. Octavo, pp. 14. With 4 illustrations. Printed pamphlet, wire-stitched as issued. A few neat red pencil marks to first three pages, lower outer corners creased: a near-fine copy.

Original photograph from the 1962 Nobel Prize Ceremony signed by Francis Crick, James Watson, and Maurice Wilkins (jointly awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine) as well as Max Ferdinand Perutz and John Kendrew (jointly awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry). Also captured in the photograph is John Steinbeck, who was awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature. In fine condition. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 was awarded jointly to Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material." In 1968, Watson published The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA, his account of his codiscovery (along with Francis Crick) of the structure of DNA. To preserve the "real" story for the world, James Watson attempted to record his first impressions as soon after the events of 1951-1953 as possible, with all their unpleasant realities and "spirit of adventure" intact. "He has described admirably how it feels to have that frightening and beautiful experience of making a great scientific discovery" (Richard Feynman, winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize for Physics).