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Carte nouvelle de la partie de l'Ouest de la Loüisianne faitte sur les observations, recherches, et decouvertes de Mr Benard de la Harpe l'vn des Commandants au d(it) Paÿs faitte sur les observations, recherches, et decouvertes de Mr Benard de la Harpe l'vn des Commandants au d(it) Paÿs
Edité par Dépôt des cartes et plans de la Marine, [Paris], 1722
Carte Edition originale
No binding. Etat : Near fine. First. THE MOST IMPORTANT 18TH-CENTURY MAP OF THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST. Manuscript map in ink and watercolor of the southern United States and northern Mexico. [Paris: ca. 1722-1725.] Two joined sheets (22 5/8" x 36 3/4", 575mm x 933mm; 31 3/4" x 45 3/4" framed). Some creases throughout, with marginal tanning and soiling. A couple of spots of foxing. Jean-Baptiste Bénard de La Harpe (1683-1765) came from France in 1718 to map and to set up trading posts in present-day Texas, Oklahoma and Arkansas. Whereas the Northeast was the site of contention between the French and the British, the contest in the Southwest was between France and Spain. Using New Orleans as his base, La Harpe forged connections with native Americans between the Arkansas River, which cuts through Kansas, Oklahoma and Arkansas before joining the Mississippi; and the Red River, which describes the border between eastern Oklahoma and Texas. The map is particularly detailed in its chronicling of native American settlements west of Texas: the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora, New Mexico, Arizona and California into Baja California. La Harpe is particularly careful in his indications of the nature of these settlements: "Indiens Gentils" and "Chretiens," sites of silver mines, capitals/presidios and of ruined or abandoned villages. After several years of exploration as well as gathering materials from other explorers, La Harpe returned to France in 1723, and it is in the years immediately following that this map is presumed to have been made. Copied by the Dépôt des cartes et plans de la Marine (the only other known copy is in the Bibliothèque nationale de France; that is attributed to Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville), the relationship between La Harpe's original and the present item is unclear. Certain points appear on our map that are not on the BnF example (and vice-versa), so both appear to be independent copies. Ours extends further east than the BnF copy, which stops before Florida. The BnF copy extends much further north and west, which in our copy is obscured by the legend. By comparison to printed maps of the period and even well beyond, these manuscript maps are far more accurate and detailed. Perhaps the Dépot des cartes held this information close for proprietary or military reasons. Nonetheless, the Spanish would go on to dominate the American South (La Harpe conducted the surrender of Pensacola, visible only on our map, to the Spanish) freeing the French to focus on their territorial struggles with the British in the North and East. From the collection of the late great cartographic historian Dr. Seymour I. Schwartz (his sale, Sotheby's New York, 28 June 2018, lot 145).
