michelson albert edward morley michelson morley (11 résultats)

Hardcover. Etat : Fine. 1st Edition. X, 159 Pp Including Short Bibliography At End. Orange Cloth, Hardcover. Second Printing. Fine.

Soft cover. Etat : Good. 1st Edition. 159 pp. NAP. Contents divided into 23 chapters and 4 Parts: PART I : "The Origins of the Special Theory of Relativity" [Contributors: Sir Isaac Newton, Ernst Mach, Albert A. Michelson and Edward M. Morley, H.A. Lorentz, Jules Henri Poincare, Albert Einstein]; PART II : "The Nature of Relativity Theory" [Albert Einstein]; PART III : "How Was Relativity Theory Born?" [Albert Einstein, Sir Edmund Whittaker, Gerald Holton, Adolf Grunbaum]; PART IV : [1] "The Scientific Reaction to Einstein" [William F. Magie, Louis Trenchard More, Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington]; [2] "The Lay Reaction" [The New York Times Editorial, "A Mystic Universe" (January 28, 1928), H. Wildon Carr, Hugh Elliot, Thomas Jewell Craven, Pau; Chatham Squires, Jose Ortega yGasset]. Shiny black wrappers with Title lettering at top center front cover above abstract art object, an arc composed of many adjacent sets of parallel curved lines; Editor name lettering in light gray across middle front cover; Series name lettering in smaller white letters across bottom front cover. Rubbing wear down spine edges and at spine and cover corners; 1" soft creases at front cover corners; many white mini-creases and some white speckles on front cover (NOT in evidence on inside covers), just general useage signs; 21 pp. (of 159 pp.) have small amounts of ink underlining or margin lines; 4 pp. were once dog-eared; previous owner phone number and extension at top right half-title page/ffep: describes worse than it is, but there you have it. For a paperback 55 years old, it is still in good shape: the way to read a Science and Society Classic collection of essays.

Couverture rigide. Etat : Bon. In-8°. Demi reliure de chagrin noir. Dos lisse. Réunion de six mois de cette publication scientifique. Couverture conservée (pour le numéro de juillet 1887). Cachet de bibliothèque publique, sur la page de titre (et sur la page de couverture, à moitié effacée). Rare première impression européenne du compte rendu de l'expérience Michelson-Morley qui déclencha de façon directe la théorie de la relativité d'Albert Einstein. La première impression américaine a eu lieu quelques semaines plus tôt dans The American Journal of Science. Michelson et Morley y rapportent la fameuse expérience, point de départ de la théorie de la relativité, qu'ils ont entreprise en 1887 à la Case Western Reserve University. L'expérience est généralement considérée comme "la première preuve solide contre la théorie d'un éther lumineux universel comme milieu de propagation de la lumière, qui avait été un des principes de base de la physique classique, et des théories newtoniennes de l'univers par exemple" (PMM, 401 ). Le résultat ouvre ainsi la porte à "de nouvelles normes de référence du temps et de l'espace à partir de la géométrie et de la cosmométrie ", conduisant finalement à la proposition d'Einstein en 1905 selon laquelle la vitesse de la lumière est une constante universelle " (Dibner; Lightman, 1 30). L'expérience décrite dans l'ouvrage est considéré comme « l'une des plus grandes réalisations en physique de tous les temps » (Lightman, 1 30).

Pp. [181]-186. Original wrappers. Upper corners of wrappers and pages bumped. Very Good. First Edition. "Michelson accepted an offer in 1889 to move to the new Clark University at Worcester, Massachusetts. Concurrently he began to carry out a monumental metrological project that he and Morley had envisioned to determine the length of the international meter bar at Sèvres in terms of wave-lengths of cadmium light. . . . So elegant were the success and precision of this project that Michelson became internationally famous" (D.S.B. 9: 373-73). Michelson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1907 "for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid.".

Hardcover. Etat : Very Good. MICHELSON (Albert Abraham) and MORLEY (Edward Williams) (Fresnel, Mendeleyev, Duhem) "On the relative motion of the Earth and the luminiferous aether ("Sur le mouvement relatif de la Terre et de l'ether luminaux", a REVIEW by Gouy of the great paper published in November of the preceding year, this in: "Journal de Phyqiue Theoretique et Appliquee", 2nd series, vol 7, 1888; Paris, Journal de Physique, 1888. ++This is a very early report and review of the experiment in French++ 8vo, 616pp, with the M&M on pp 444-445. Bound in half-calf and marbled boards. Sturdy and crisp volume though there is a good amount of foxing throughout the volume. [++] ALSO: Mascart, "Sur l'Experience des Trois Mirroirs de Fresnel", pp 185-193, with three text illustration, including a rendering of the Fresnel device. AND in this volume: Gouy, "Note sur le mouvement Brownien", pp 561-564 (as well as "Sur l'Electrometre a Quadrants", pp 97-109. And also: Pierre Duhem, "Sur qualques proprietes des Dissolutions", pp 5-25, with several other papers by Duhem, plus works by A. Cornu, S. Arrhenius, H. Pellat, Brillouin, and numerous others, including a review for the year (so far) and report on Russian physics and chemistry. AND: H. Crompton, "Theorie de Mendeleef", (an extension of Mendeleyev's theory of solution to electrical conductivity of an aqueous solution", a review of an article in "Journal of the Chemical Society". [++] "The [M&M] experiment compared the speed of light in perpendicular directions in an attempt to detect the relative motion of matter through the stationary luminiferous aether ("aether wind"). The result was negative, in that Michelson and Morley found no significant difference between the speed of light in the direction of movement through the presumed aether, and the speed at right angles. This result is generally considered to be the first strong evidence against the then-prevalent aether theory, as well as initiating a line of research that eventually led to special relativity, which rules out a stationary aether. Of this experiment, Einstein wrote, "If the MichelsonMorley experiment had not brought us into serious embarrassment, no one would have regarded the relativity theory as a (halfway) redemption."--Encyclopedia Britannica online The paper presented here by Louis-Georges Gouy, a prolific physicist: "Gouy's first major optical paper, published in 1880, dealt with the velocity of light. He showed that in dispersive media it was necessary to distinguish between what is called the group velocity of light (the velocity of a series of light waves subject to direct measurement by J. B. Foucault's method) and the somewhat higher and less easily measured velocity of the individual waves. Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt) in a later, independent demonstration of Gouy's theory labeled these two velocities the "group-speed" and the "wave-speed," respectively."--Encyclopedia online.

Wrappers. Etat : Very good. First Edition. First printing, 2nd issue (preceded by the individual May 1886 issue) of The American Journal of Science, Vol. XXXI, January to June, the full semiannual volume, containing (pages 377386) the first experiments with Michelson's own invented instruments, the continuation of which (in 1887), negated classical scientific theories on the existence of a universal ether. The findings held revolutionary implications that led directly to (and through) Lorentz (the Lorentz contraction equations) and Einstein (special relativity), to the acceptance of new reference standards of time and space from geometry and cosmometry (measurement of the universe). Michelson won his 1907 Nobel Prize in physics, both for creating the instruments he used, and for his achievements with them, in his experiments. Original wrappers, covers, spine and page edges brittle and chipped, internally clean, pages unopened, very good. Scarce. No copies on RBH. Michelson and Morley first aether-drag experiment. "Starting in 1885, Michelson collaborated with Edward Morley, spending considerable time and money to repeat the Fizeau experiment on Fresnel's drag coefficient (finished in 1886, explained in this paper) and to repeat the Michelson experiment (finished in 1887). In 1886, Michelson and Morley successfully confirmed Fresnel's drag coefficient this result was also considered as a confirmation of the stationary aether concept. This strengthened the hope of finding the aether wind. Thus Michelson and Morley created an improved version of the Michelson experiment with more than enough accuracy to detect this hypothetical effect. The experiment was performed in several periods of concentrated observations between April and July 1887" (Landmark Experiments in Physics). The Michelson-Morley experiment is one of the most famous and important experiments in the history of physics - the result of which "held revolutionary implications which led directly through Lorentz and Einstein to the acceptance of new standards of reference of time and space from geometry and cosmometry" (Dibner). "In 1729 James Bradley reported to the Royal Society that in observing any fixed star it was necessary to point the telescope not directly at the star but a little in advance of it. This he called the angle of aberration. The fact reported by Bradley was repeatedly confirmed and the angle of aberration was accounted for by the movement of the earth through the ether - the medium by which light waves are conveyed. If the luminiferous ether is a medium through which the earth moves without disturbing it, it would seem to follow that a beam of light reaching the earth from the direction towards which the earth itself is moving should reach it faster than one from an opposite direction. In August 1881 Albert Abraham Michelson described, in the American Journal of Science, a new interferometer which he had devised with the express purpose of measuring these relative speeds with minute accuracy. Any form of clock hitherto invented, however accurate, would necessarily be subject to margin of error greater than the time difference in question. Michelson's instrument was planned to measure the relative speeds of light waves moving at right angles to each other. In August [recto November] 1887, in the same journal, in collaboration with Edward Williams Morley, he reported the almost completely negative results of their experiments." (PMM 378). "They used a slightly silvered glass set angular to a ray of sunlight so that a part of the ray was transmitted, a part reflected out and again returned, thereby providing two paths, one perpendicular to the other. If drift existed, the superimposed rays would produce interference. None was observed, showing that the earth's motion did not affect the light's speed" (Dibner: Heralds of Science, 161). "The [result] of this experiment was a serious blow to classical scientific theories because it cast doubts on the existence of the universal ether which had be.

Hardcover. Etat : Fine. MICHELSON, Albert A. and Edward W. Morley. "On the Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Aether", in the whole volume of "The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science," London, Taylor & Francis, 1887, vol 24 (5th series), July-December, vii, (1), 524pp, with the Michelson-Morley appearing on pp449-463 (with text illustrations) in the December issue. (The great paper was followed immediately by their paper "On a Method of making the Wave-length of Sodium Light the actual and practical Standard of Length,") pp 463-466. The volume is newly rebound in half-calf and marbled boards, with raised bands and discrete spine decorations, with red and black labels. Very fresh and crisp text. Lovely copy, though there are some occasional brown spots here and there, and the title page itself is fairly well browned. [++] First printing outside of the U.S. of one of the most important scientific efforts of the 19th century it had appeared a month earlier, in November, in Silliman's American Journal oif Science, the null results of the experiment puncturing the ether theories and leading to the speed of light being a universal constant. "What is now known as the most famous experimental null result in physics was reconciled in 1905 when Albert Einstein, in his formulation of special relativity, postulated that the speed of light is the same in all reference frames; i.e., the measured speed of light is independent of the relative motion of the observer and the light source. The hypothetical ether, with its preferred reference frame, was eventually abandoned as an unnecessary construct."--Britannica. [++] "The failure of this experiment was a serious blow to classical scientific theories because it cast doubts on the existence of the universal ether which had been a basic principle of, for example, the Newtonian theories of the universe."--Printing and the Mind of Man, 401. [++] "Michelson and Morley next redesigned the 1881 ether-drift experiment to increase the path length almost tenfold and to reduce friction of rotation by floating a sandstone slab on a mercury bearing. During five days in July 1887 Michelson and Morley performed their test for the relative motion of the earth in orbit against a stationary ether. Their results were null and so discouraging that they abandoned any effort to continue with the tests they intended in the following autumn, winter, and spring. The sensitivity they had achieved with this new interferometer, about one-fourth part in one billion, was its own reward, however; and both innovators began to think of other uses for such instruments. Although the experimenters quickly forgot their disappointment, theorists, and notably FitzGerald, Larmor, Lorentz, and Poincaré, made much of their failure to find fringe shifts and to corroborate Fresnel and Stokes s wave theory of light."--Complete DSB online (Michelson) [++] Michelson by the way was the first US citizen to win Nobel Prize in physics, 1907, for his precision optical instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations conducted therewith.   He is also the only Nobelist to be a featured character in any U.S. Western tv drama series ("Bonanza" believe it or not, episode 92, "Look to the Stars", 1962).

In: The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. Series 5 Vol. 24 = July-December 1887, No. 151, pp. 449-463. Bound in half leather with gilt-stamped label on spine. Edges rubbed and bumped. Spine rubbed and damaged. Endpaper and title page are brown-spotted. Front cover loosened. This is the FIRST EUROPEAN PRINTING of the famous Michelson-Morley Experiment. The Complete Volume includes 9 plates. VII, 524 pp. Also included in this volume are the following first editions of: Rayleigh, Lord (d.i. J.W. Strutt), On the Maintenance of Vibrations by Forces of Double Frequency, and on the Propagation of Waves through a Medium endowed with a Periodic Structure. Poggendorff VI, 1218; TOMLINSON, H., The Effect of Change of Temperature in Twisting or Untwisting Wires which have suffered Permanent Torsion. No. 148, pp. 253-256; Remarkable Effect on raising Iron when Temporary Stress or Permanent Strain to a Bright-red Heat. No. 148, pp. 256-267. Poggendorff IV, 1514; THOMPSON, S.P., Twin Prisms for Polarimeters. No. 150, pp. 397-401. Poggendorff IV, 1494; HEAVISIDE, O., On Resistance and Conductance Operators, and their Derivatives, Inductance and Permittance, especially in Connection with Electric and Magnetic Energy. No. 151, pp. 479-502. Poggendorff IV, 602. Sprache: Englisch.

London, Taylor and Francis, 1887. 8vo. In recent full blue cloth. In: "The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science" Fifth Series, Vol. 24. VIII,524 pp., textillustr. and 9 plates. (Entire volume offered). Michelson & Morley's paper: pp. 449-463, textillustr. (depicting experimental apparatus etc.). Title-page with light soiling and lower 2 cm loose and traces from previous binding in inner maring. Otherwise a good copy. First European publication of this classic paper which announced one of the most celebrated experiments in the history of physics and eventually led Einstein to his Relativity Theory (see PMM 378,410,408). The paper appeared first in the "American Journal of Science" just one month before in November, not in August as stated in PMM. The offered paper appeared in the December issue 1887 and in a slightly modified form.Michelson was the first American to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics, in 1907, for the measurement of the speed of light through the design and application of precise optical instruments such as the interferometer, which was used in this experiment."Michelson, trained at the U.S. Naval Academy, and Morley, minister turned chemist, began a series of experiments to determine the relation of ether drift and the velocity of light, effects of extremely minute values. They used a slightly silvered glass set angular to a ray of sunlight so that a part ofthe ray was transmitted, a part reflected out and again returned, thereby providing two paths, one perpendicular to the other. If drift existed, the superimposed rays would produce interference. None was observed, showing that the earth's motion did not affect the light's speed. The negative result held revolutionary implications which led directly thru Lorentz and Einstein to the acceptance of new standards of reference of time and space from geometry and cosmometry."(Dibner).Dibner No 161 (listing the offered paper from Philosophical Magazine). - Norman 1505.- Magee "A Source Book in Physics", pp. 369 ff. (the offered paper).The volume contains another paper by Michelson and Morley "On a method of Making the Wave-lenght of Sodium Light the actual and practical Standard of Lenght", pp. 463-466.

New Haven, Conn., J.D. & E.S. Dana, 1887. 8vo. Contemporary half calf. Gilt lettering to spine. A small stamp to top of title-page. In: "The American Journal of Science. Editors James D. and Edward S. Dana", Third series Vol. XXXIV (July to December, 1887). VIII,500 pp., textillustr. and 10 plates. (Entire volume offered). The joint paper: pp. 333-345 and textillustr. (Apparatus). A few faint brownspots to titlepage, otherwise clean and fine. First appearance of this classic paper which announced one of the most celebrated experiments in the history of physics and eventually led Einstein to his Relativity Theory.The experiment was expected to show the rate of the earth's movement through the ether" they looked in vain for a difference between the speed of light in the direction of the earth's motion around the sun and the direction perpendicular to it. The failure of this experiment was a serious blow to classical scientific theories because it cast doubts on the existance of the universal ether which had been a basic principleof, for example, the Newtonian theories of the universe. (Vide PMM: 378, 401, 408).The paper appeared first in the "American Journal of Science" in November (as offered here), and was published a month later in "Philosophical Magazine" in a slightly modified form."Michelson, trained at the U.S. Naval Academy, and Morley, minister turned chemist, began a series of experiments to determine the relation of ether drift and the velocity of light, effects of extremely minute values. They used a slightly silvered glass set angular to a ray of sunlight so that a part ofthe ray was transmitted, a part reflected out and again returned, thereby providing two paths, one perpendicular to the other. If drift existed, the superimposed rays would produce interference. None was observed, showing that the earth's motion did not affect the light's speed. The negative result held revolutionary implications which led directly thru Lorentz and Einstein to the acceptance of new standards of reference of time and space from geometry and cosmometry."(Dibner)In 1919 Einstein met Michelson in California. At a dinner given in honor of them both, Einstein said in a speech "You (Michelson) uncovered an insidious defect in the ether theory of light, as it existed, and stimulated the ideas of H.A. Lorentz and Fitzgerald, out of which the Special Theory of Relativity developed. Without your work this theory would today be scarcely more than an interesting speculation." In an interview in 1842 Einstein said: "It is no doubt that Michelson's experiment was of considerably influence upon my work insofar as it strengthened my conviction concerning the validity of the Principle of relativity.On the other side I was pretty much convinced of the validity of the principle before I did know this experiment and its result. In any case, Michelson's experiment removed practically any doubt about the validity of the principle in optics and showed that a profound change of the basic concepts of physics was inevitable."Michelson was awarded the 1907 Nobel Prize "for his optical precision instrument (the inteferometer) and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations he has carried on."Dibner: Heralds of Science: 161 (lising the later version from "Philosophical Magazine") - Norman 1505.- Magee "A Source Book in Physics", pp. 369 ff. (the later paper).The volume contains another paper by Michelson and Morley "On a method of Making the Wave-lenght of Sodium Light the actual and practical Standard of Lenght", pp. 427-430.

1st Edition. FIRST EDITION, FIRST BRITISH PRINTING of a work haled both as the greatest failed experiment of all time AND as 'one of the greatest achievements in physics of all time' (Lightman, 130). 'What Michelson and Morley did. was undermine a longstanding belief in something called the luminiferous ether; a stable, invisible, weightless, frictionless. medium that was thought to permeate the universe. Conceived by Descartes, embraced by Newton, and venerated by nearly everyone ever since, the ether held a position of absolute centrality in nineteenth-century physics as a way of explaining how light traveled across the emptiness of space (Bryson, 117). Prevailing theories held that ether formed an absolute reference with respect to which the rest of the universe was stationary and that ether was a medium for the propagation of light (as water waves must have a medium to move across: water. Given the speed of light, designing an experiment to detect the presence of ether and its drift, or hypothetical motion relative to earth, was challenging. To do so, Michelson designed an interferometer -- essentially a massive stone block with mirrors and crisscrossing light beams -- capable of measuring the velocity of light with great precision. The device enabled Michelson and Morley to measure the speed of light in different directions, enabling them, in theory to measure the speed (or drift) of the ether relative to Earth, thus establishing its existence. Michelson and Morley expected to see their light beams shifted by the swift motion of the earth in space, thus giving measure to different speeds of light in each direction, but "none was observed, showing that the earth's motion did not affect the light's speed" (Dibner 161). "The failure of this experiment was a serious blow to classical scientific theories because it cast doubts on the existence of the universal ether which had been a basic principle of, for example, the Newtonian theories of the universe" (PMM, 401). The result discredited the ether theories "and opened the door to "new standards of reference of time and space from geometry and cosmometry," ultimately leading to Einstein's 1905 proposal that the speed of light is a universal constant" (Dibner; Lightman, 130). The history of science records the 1887 ether-drift experiment of Albert Michelson and Edward Morley as the turning point at which the energetic "ether of space" was discarded by mainstream physics, thereafter replaced with the postulate of "empty space." Michelson and Morley's work sounded the death knell of classical physics' beautifully simple belief in the idea of ether. CONDITION & DETAILS: London: Taylor & Francis. (8.5 x 5.5 inches; 213 x 138mm). Complete. [viii], 524, 9 plates. Michelson & Morley paper: pp. 449-463. Ex-libris bearing a discreet stamp on the title page. Solidly and tightly bound in three quarter brown calf over marbled paper boards. Some scuffing and rubbing at the edge tips and along the spine. Five gilt-ruled raised bands at the spine; gilt armorial devices in the compartments. Gilt-lettered red and black morocco spine labels. Very slight age toning within; largely clean and bright. Very good condition.