Skolem (41 résultats)

Paperback. Etat : Very Good. No markings.

Soft cover. Etat : Good. Soft Cover. Good. 7 x 9 1/2. 192 text pages. Text in English. Many contributors. Unmarked, tight and clean.

Soft cover. Etat : Very Good. Soft Cover. Good. 7 x 9 1/2. 332 text pages. Many contributors. Text in English. Unmarked, tight and clean.

Soft cover. Etat : Very Good. 70 pages. Unmarked. Fine.

paperback. Etat : Very Good. Connecting readers with great books since 1972! Used books may not include companion materials, and may have some shelf wear or limited writing. We ship orders daily and Customer Service is our top priority.

Soft cover. Etat : Very Good. ] Trade pb, 6x9 inches, white titling on red-brown front cover, vi + 70 pages, VG+. Very nice overall condition with only very light signs of any wear. Unprinted red-brown spine color shifted to gray. Professor's last name top edge first interior page (title page) o/w crisp clean throughout interior. RWR5 Math Mathematics.…

paperback. Etat : Good.

Broschiert. Etat : Gut. 130 Seiten; Das Buch befindet sich in einem ordentlich erhaltenen Zustand. Einbandkanten sind bestoßen. Altersbedingte Anbräunung des Papiers. Sprache: Deutsch Gewicht in Gramm: 210.

Etat : Good. This is an ex-library book and may have the usual library/used-book markings inside.This book has soft covers. In good all round condition. Dust jacket in fair condition. Please note the Image in this listing is a stock photo and may not match the covers of the actual item,300grams, ISBN. …

Etat : Good. This is an ex-library book and may have the usual library/used-book markings inside.This book has hardback covers. In good all round condition. No dust jacket. Please note the Image in this listing is a stock photo and may not match the covers of the actual item,400grams, ISBN.

Soft cover. Etat : Very Good. Book measures 23x15cm, 70pp. Bound in original publishers softcover. Binding lightly rubbed with some minor shelf wear. Binding in very good condition, internally, name in pen on title page, otherwise pages clean, A very good clean copy.

gebundene Ausgabe. Etat : Gut. 140 Seiten; Das hier angebotene Buch stammt aus einer teilaufgelösten Bibliothek und kann die entsprechenden Kennzeichnungen aufweisen (Rückenschild, Instituts-Stempel.); der Buchzustand ist ansonsten ordentlich und dem Alter entsprechend gut. In FRANZÖSISCHER Sprache. Sprache: Französisch Gewicht in Gramm: 360. …

Etat : Near Fine. Oslo 1934 first edition. Dybwad. Extracted from Skrifter det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i oslo 1933. I. Mathemtisk. 2. Bind. 61p. 4to. Rebound in later plain wraps. Near Fine, no owner marks.

Softcover. 113 p. -good.-(Cover worn and sunned, name in ink on the fly-leaf, three underlinings in pencil, but otherwise in good condition. ).

Hardcover. Etat : Gut. Ex-library with stamp and library-signature. GOOD condition, some traces of use. Ancien Exemplaire de bibliothèque avec signature et cachet. BON état, quelques traces d'usure. Ehem. Bibliotheksexemplar mit Signatur und Stempel. GUTER Zustand, ein paar Gebrauchsspuren. 11 SKO Sprache: Deutsch Gewicht in Gramm: 550.…

Hardcover. Etat : Gut. Ex-library with stamp and library-signature. GOOD condition, some traces of use. Ancien Exemplaire de bibliothèque avec signature et cachet. BON état, quelques traces d'usure. Ehem. Bibliotheksexemplar mit Signatur und Stempel. GUTER Zustand, ein paar Gebrauchsspuren. 11 SKO Sprache: Deutsch Gewicht in Gramm: 550.…

Hardcover. Etat : Gut. Ex-library with stamp and library-signature. GOOD condition, some traces of use. Ancien Exemplaire de bibliothèque avec signature et cachet. BON état, quelques traces d'usure. Ehem. Bibliotheksexemplar mit Signatur und Stempel. GUTER Zustand, ein paar Gebrauchsspuren. 11 SKO Sprache: Deutsch Gewicht in Gramm: 550.…

Nach- oder Neudruck der Ausgabe J. Springer, Berlin, 1938, 8°, 130 S., dunkelroter original Leineneinband mit goldener Rückenbeschriftung. sehr schönes, sauberes Exemplar ohne nennenswerte Mängel Aufgrund des Zustandes vermuten wir, das es sich hier um einen Neudruck handeln muss, da dieser Band ansonsten unter Licht- und Luftabschluß im Hochvakuum aufbewahrt worden sein muss. Einen Hinweis dazu enthält das Buch aber nicht. Abholung im Ladengeschäft in Frankfurt am Main (Nordend ggü. Musterschule) möglich. Das spart die Portokosten. Pickup at the store in Frankfurt am Main (Nordend, close to Musterschule) is possible. It saves the shipping costs.…

Etat : Good. Oslo 1944. Ugitt av det Dorke Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo, Mat.- Naturv. Klasse. In Norwegian. Sm.4to., 70pp., rebound in later plain wraps. Narrow old dry stain at left margin of first dozen pages. Good.

Etat : Bueno. 29.

Etat : Bueno. 72.

weicher Einband. 37 S. Gr 8° Br. Sprache: Deutsch.

Paperback. Etat : Good. No Jacket. Pages can have notes/highlighting. Spine may show signs of wear. ~ ThriftBooks: Read More, Spend Less.

weicher Einband. 14 S. Gr 8° Br. Sprache: Deutsch.

weicher Einband. 38 S. Gr 8° Br. Sprache: Deutsch.

weicher Einband. 28 S. Gr 8° Br. Sprache: Deutsch.

weicher Einband. 49 S. Gr 8° Br. Sprache: Deutsch.

Soft cover. Etat : Near Fine. 1st Edition. 36 pp. Original printed wrappers. UNOPENED COPY. Near Fine. First Edition. Löwenheim-Skolem Theorem. "Many logicians would agree that Skolem and Gödel are the two greatest logicians of the [20th] century" (Wang, "Skolem and Gödel", Nordic Journal of Philosophical Logic, Vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 119-132). "The first result presented in the paper is that every well-formed formula of the first-order predicate calculus has what is now known as a Skolem normal form for satisfiability. . . . Skolem normal forms have since become one of the logician's standard tools. These forms were used, in particular, by Gödel in his proof of the completeness of quantification theory (1930). . . . After having introduced the normal form of a formula, Skolem offers (Theorem 2) a new proof of Löwenheim's theorem. . . . He is able to fill a serious gap left open by Löwenheim in his proof. Skolem notes the use of the axiom of choice in his proof. . .(Van Heijenoort, From Frege to Gödel, p. 252; English translation (of §1) Logico-Combinatorial Investigations in the Satisfiability or Provability of Mathematical Propositions: A Simplified Proof of a Theorem by L. Löwenheim and Generalizations of the Theorem in Van Heijenoort, pp. 254-63). "It seems clear that Godel read at least the statements of theorems and definitions in Löwenheim's paper, and in Skolem's 1920 paper as well. In the published version of his thesis (1930), Gödel cites Skolem (1920) explicitly: 'An analogous procedure was used by Skolem (1920) in proving Löwenheim's theorem' (Gödel 1930, pp. 108-109). . . . Skolem studied at Göttingen in the winter of 1915-1916. We do not know whether he first learned of Löwenheim's paper at Göttingen, or whether he simply read it in the Mathematische Annalen. Skolem's first paper re-proving Löwenheim's theorem (1920) introduced the notion of first-order equations and dropped the relative sum and product notation that Löwenheim had adopted from Schröder, and which originated with Peirce. Skolem's 1920 proof was thus a simplified version of Löwenheim's original proof using algebraic notations and the axiom of choice. Skolem did not claim that Löwenheim's original proof was wrong or incomplete; he only said he was giving a simpler and clearer proof. . . . Stated in the language of the calculus of relatives, Löwenheim's celebrated theorem about first-order logic simply fell out of what was for him an obvious technical generalization of something that was more interesting in the calculus of relatives, that is, a technique that enables him to say what the cardinalities of universes can be from the analysis of the form of an equation. It was left to Skolem to extract the essence of Löwenheim's theorem and state it in the language of first-order logic. . . . [A]lthough Löwenheim's paper was published in 1915 in the premier mathematical journal in the world, it was not until Skolem's paper of 1920 that Löwenheim's theorem received any attention. . . . Skolem's 1920 paper . . . begins with a theorem known today as the Skolem normal form. . . . Skolem's 1920 proof of Löwenheim's theorem uses the axiom of choice. It is quite simple. It is also not Löwenheim's proof, although the ideas are present in Löwenheim in a less clear form and in a longer proof. . ." (Brady, From Peirce to Skolem: A Neglected Chapter in the History of Logic pp. 3-4, 170-71, 197-98). OCLC locates copies in these 5 US libraries: Chicago, Iowa, Johns Hopkins, Stanford, Washington.…

Soft cover. Etat : Very Good. 1st Edition. 37 pp. Original wrappers. Spine repaired (see photos). Signature of former owner Samuel Skulsky on title page. Very Good. First Edition. "Skolem's second paper in logic, dated 26 May 1917 and published in Norway in 1919. The work contains important early results on lattice theory, including the following: 1. A proof of the mutual independence of all the lattice axioms through graphical models, some of them infinite. 2. The same for distributive lattices. In particular, the five-element lattice that is a counterexample to distributivity is given. 3. A method for deciding if an atomic formula is derivable from at most two atomic formulas by the axioms for a distributive lattice. Skolem's paper also introduces the notion of a Heyting algebra. . . . It is quite astonishing that Skolem had found an algebraic axiomatization of intuitionistic propositional logic well before its basic principles were definitively clarified by Heyting's axiomatization (1930). Of his motivations for introducing the algebraic axiomatization, what he called 'class rings' (Klassenringe), Skolem writes that they are 'a natural continuation and generalization of the groups of the identity calculus' (1919, p. 78). Whatever the motivations, Skolem had invented the notion of a Heyting algebra directly from lattice theory, through a symbolic maximal solution of the defining inequality of the arrow. . . . Skolem's work was appreciated by Dana Scott who wrote, in a review of a late lattice-theoretic paper Skolem (1958): 'In a remarkable paper published in 1919 . . . the author studied several questions about distributive lattices in a completely abstract and general form. At that time, however, he did not use the terminology we know today. . . . Hence, his work escaped the notice that it actually deserves' " (Jan van Plato, "In the Shadows of the Löwenheim-Skolem Theorem: Early Combinatorial Analyses of Mathematical Proofs," Bulletin of Symbolic Logic, Vol. 13, no. 2, June 2007).…

Kristiania, 1921. Royal8vo. Unopened, uncut in the original printed wrappers. Very fine and clean. 57 pp. First edition.