grin verlag jan 2008 (Plus de 1 400 résultats)

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich Kulturwissenschaften - Empirische Kulturwissenschaften, Note: 1,3, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (Institut für Kultur- und Kunstwissenschaften), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die bürgerliche Gesellschaft durchläuft im 19. Jahrhundert eine Zeit der Umbrüche; gravierende ökonomische, kulturelle und politische Entwicklungen fördern sowohl ein neues bürgerliches Selbstbewusstsein wie auch in einigen Bereichen ein Biedermeier schen, romantischen Rückzug ins Private.Im Folgenden sollen die Tischkulturen, die Bedeutungen des Essens in Gesellschaft, die kulturellen Nuancen und zeitgenössischen Stimmungen vornehmlich anhand der Texte Die Kunst des Essens von W. Fred und Grundzüge des gastronomischen Anstands von Grimod de la Reynière aufgezeigt werden.Doch vorab stellt sich die Frage, wer waren die Menschen, deren Esskultur erläutert werden soll Was war das, die bürgerliche Gesellschaft Hier soll im Wesentlichen die Kultur einer Gesellschaftsschicht behandelt werden, die im 19. Jahrhundert aufstrebend gewisse Freiheiten genießen konnte: Das Bürgertum hatte ein wirtschaftliches Auskommen, das in der Regel über dem Existenzminimum lag und ihm somit Freizeitaktivitäten und den Verzicht der Mitarbeit der Kinder, oft auch der Frauen ermöglichte. Einige wesentliche gemeinsame Merkmale - ohne eine schablonenhafte Typisierung vorzunehmen - sind unter anderem: die Aufwertung der individuellen Leistung, das Streben nach wirtschaftlichem Nutzen und sozialem Ansehen sowie nach politischem Einfluss. Regelmäßige Arbeit, Bildung, Vereinsorganisation, familiäre Hierarchien, Rationalität und Selbstständigkeit sind Schlagworte, die dem Freiheitsdrang und der Autoritätsskepsis, aber auch dem Ordnungsstreben und der Fokussierung auf die Familie vieler Bürger im 19. Jahrhundert entsprechen und die Widersprüche dieser Gruppe kurz umreißen sollen. 32 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Essay from the year 2005 in the subject Communications - Multimedia, Internet, New Technologies, grade: High Distinction, Macquarie University (Centre for International Communication), course: New Media, language: English, abstract: This essay examines the usage of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks for music file-sharing and intends to analyse this usage in the context of current copyright policy. This will be achieved by addressing the following issues. Firstly, the history and principle of P2P networks will be outlined. Secondly, it will be analysed whether P2P file-sharing can be seen as an act of ¿theft¿. Thirdly, the paper will examine how P2P networks are used and what cultural significance they represent. Fourthly, the future of P2P networks will be debated and finally the results of this paper will be summarised and discussed.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Didactics - English - Pedagogy, Literature Studies, grade: 1,0, University of Heidelberg, language: English, abstract: Diese Arbeit untersucht, ob es sinnvoll ist, multiple-choice als Testmethode im Englischunterricht zu verwenden.Es wird aufgezeigt, unter welchen Bedingungen, multiple-choice erfolgreich im Englischunterricht angewandt werden kann.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,7, University of Heidelberg (Anglistisches Seminar), course: Landeskunde Irland: Shared Histories - Modern Ireland and Germany, language: English, abstract: After tracing out the limits and meanings of the term identity in general, this paper will deal with the components and characteristics of Irish identity and how it was constructed and developed.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,0, University College Dublin (Faculty of Arts; School of English and Drama), course: Brecht and Political Theatre, language: English, abstract: The most important principle of Brecht¿s epic theatre is its aim of representing conditions rather than developing actions. This theatre is designed to show attitudes in the sense of relationships between people, their connections to the environment and their roles in politics and society. Thus the human being is the focus, the object of inquiry of Brecht¿s plays, but not as an individual but as a social being which is shaped and changed through interactions with society through life. Furthermore each scene has its own value and is in itself determined through beginning and end. Therefore it is possible to connect only the most important scenes, one after another, whereas in a completed action, such as the case in dramatic theatre defined by Aristotle, one scene results out of another. In Brecht¿s plays the focus lies on the process of the story, on the how and why, rather than on the product and the ending, on the what. Combining these two main principles of Brechtian theatre, the human being and the process, the overall aim is to study the human being in the process of society, raising the question if changes can be made in order to alter present conditions.In order to achieve changes in society the spectators have to be made aware of situations that need to be changed. Brecht attains this purpose by evoking the spectator¿s astonishment with the support of the basic concepts of epic theatre, Verfremdung and Gestus and Haltung. Accordingly there has to be closer look taken at the way in which these two elements have an impact on the spectator¿s attitude towards society and how they are used on stage in order to make the audience act itself.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,3, University of Münster, course: The Rise of the English Novel, language: English, abstract: Since it was my part to introduce Jane Austen in a paper on 18th century women writers I wanted to know more about the female writers at her time. I chose Pride and Prejudice because it is one of Jane Austen's most famous novels. While I was reading it I soon discovered that marriage is the main theme of the novel. I want to compare the different kinds of marriages described in the novel putting emphasis on the marriage of the hero-ine and the hero. I want to show the importance of marriage in women's eyes in the 18th century. In a further step I will take a closer look at the ending of the novel which has often been described as a fairytale ending on the one hand and as confirmation of patriarchal structures on the other. I want to show that the ending can be interpreted in a different way. I shall reveal that marriage in Pride and Prejudice is not only the essence romantic novels are made of but rather important to the existence of women in the 18th century.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2007 in the subject Sociology - Work, Profession, Education, Organisation, University of Sheffield (Hallam University Sheffield ), language: English, abstract: In this paper, the author is going to look at the different perspectives on change. He is trying to link them with his work experience as a change agent in the field of education and family counselling. He looks at the role of different disciplines in achieving change and evaluates the implications for a personal practice. He concludes the assignment with guidelines to act as an effective change agent. Those implications will show the complexities of the different aspects of change.Although most of the models are focused on management and business we can see, that there are many interesting similarities to the process of change in family structure. Names of models and exponents may be different but the nature of change stays the same. What the author takes out of this consideration is that change is a continuous process that goes through a series of phases. Every phase means a challenge with new experiences and new opportunities to learn. As learning is an individual process and individuals are responsible for controlling and managing their own process of change.With the tendency to measure and to analyse all appearances in the world (processes of change included) we always react on the surface of the world. We are in danger to neglect the immeasurable aspects like feelings, attitudes and values, culture and norms. Different and contrasting perceptions of the reality are possible and correct. The either-or mentality is no longer valid and must be replaced by the ¿as well as¿ approach. Between the sky and the earth there exist unexplainable things of which we probably will never know how they work. Nevertheless we can use different approaches.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Didactics - English - Grammar, Style, Working Technique, grade: 2,3, University of Paderborn, language: English, abstract: The following paper deals with collocation, selection restriction and the teaching of the English verb grammar. The two main parts of the paper will be collocation which describes the syntactic relation of words, and selection restriction which describes the relationship between verbs and animated or non-animated subjects. The place they occupy in school will be analysed. So they should be investigated with a didactic view, but also linguistic aspects should not be completely disregarded, because it is very important especially for teachers to know which word goes together with which term and how to explain these relationships to their pupils. Both, the collocational and the selection restrictional aspect, will have their meaning explained. Then a description of how to use them and at least a few suggestions are given on how to teach collocation and selection restriction in school and how to impart their rules. Therefore, some different suggestions for teaching are given to make allowances for the student¿s age and advancement. To amplify what has been explained an exception will be given: poetry as an intentional violation of these rules. The paper ends with a short summary and a final reflection.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Essay from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,0, University of Heidelberg, course: British Institutions I, language: English, abstract: The loss of the American colonies was sealed with the end of the American War of Independence. When the Treaty of Paris was signed on September 3, 1783, England acknowledged the existence of the United States of America and their separation from Britain. The colonies were lost. Not only the then recently acquired new territories in the south but also the rich eastern colonies, the cradle of English colonization in North America.Only twenty years earlier, the situation in the American colonies was in no way rebellious or revolutionary. On the contrary, the white population of the American colonies was the most lightly taxed and least oppressed people in the eighteenth-century Western world. Great Britain and its Empire were known throughout the world for being an example of stability, prosperity and liberty . So why did the situation change so severely and how did revolution emerge in North America In other words: how did England lose its colonies Many explanations can be found in literature dealing with the British Empire or the American War of Independence, but this essay, rather than looking for psychological or sociological explanations, will focus on the major political events which lit the fuse for revolution.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 16 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Heidelberg, language: English, abstract: In this paper, I will focus on two aspects of language acquisition, namely external factors and the acquisition process itself. They seem to me, on the one hand, basic to the topic itself and, on the other hand, suitable parameters for comparison. One should bear in mind that the external factors are concrete facts since they can be observed. Whereas the acquisition process itself happens in the learner¿s mind and can therefore not be described as accurate as the external factors although neurology today is able to examine a lot of the brain¿s functions. Since my knowledge about neurology is only very, very basic, I will not go into detail here and neglect this part of the acquisition process.Note: 1,3Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 16 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,0, University College Dublin (Faculty of Arts; School of English and Drama), course: Gulliver¿s Travels, language: English, abstract: In 1726 Jonathan Swift published Gulliver¿s Travels, a book which on the surface appeared to be a travel log to chronicle the adventures of Lemuel Gulliver on his voyages to four separate countries, but primarily serves as a satire on different aspects of human society and humankind itself. Swift¿s main purpose in using the satirical element in this book, as well as in most of his other works, is to ¿(¿) vex the world rather than divert it (¿)¿ (Swift 264) and thus to appeal to human¿s ability to change situations for the better. This believe derived from Swift¿s misanthropic worldview, not in the sense that he didn¿t have faith in human nature and had given up on any notion of ideals, but he rather, arisen out of disappointment in humankind, believed that man nevertheless was capable of reform. Swift himself laid bare his radically negative view of human beings in a letter to his friend Alexander Pope in 1725: ¿I have ever hated all Nations professions and Communityes and all my love is towards individualls for instance I hate the tribe of Lawyers, but I love Councellor such a one (¿) and the rest principally I hate and detest that animal called man, although I hartily love John, Peter, Thomas and so forth.¿ (Swift 264/ 265) Accordingly Swift¿s focus lies on the individual himself to realize unjust circumstances and to change them by acting. In order to achieve changes in society or even in human beings themselves, Swift makes use of different satirical techniques, which will be closer looked at in each of the four books of Gulliver¿s Travels, paying attention to Swifts targets and consequently to the effectiveness of his satire.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 16 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Master's Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Biology - Zoology, grade: 1,0, University of Innsbruck (Zoologie), language: English, abstract: The transcription factor GATA-1 is essential for the development of the erythroid cell lineage in vertebrates. In this article we introduce a method to easily determine the approximately development status of red blood cells and the progression of blood formation by intensity of fluorescence in GATA-1/Ds-Red marked zebrafish. We classified the blood cells on the basis of their fluorescence intensity in 5 intensity stages (IS) with the brightest in IS 1. The comparison with our erythropoietin (Epo) data showed a noticable correlation between GATA-1, Epo mRNA and EPO protein level. Between 2 and 3 dpf we observed a major increase in blood cell concentration to circa 1200 cells\*nl-1, until 15 dpf this value decreased to about the half. The appearance of IS 1 cells correspond approximately to the peaks in Epo cRNA copies and the highest values in EPO protein emerged about 1 day later. Our data show that the blood cell concentration, Epo and Gata-1 expression in zebrafish larvae is subjected to large fluctuations in the first few days of development.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 40 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg (Institut für fremdsprachliche Philologien), course: Language and Cognition (WS 2002/2003), language: English, abstract: This paper analyzes Whorf¿s hypothesis that thinking is determined and limited by the language used. This hypothesis implies that certain thoughts can only be expressed in one language, but not in another. Thus, a text given in the first language that is about such thoughts could not completely be translated into the second one.In this paper Nagel¿s and Davidson¿s notion of the concept scheme is used to refute Whorf¿s hypothesis in every way it could possibly be interpreted. Furthermore, it shows practical ways of how any natural language that could possibly exist or be designed in the universe can effectively be translated into any other language. To answer all the questions that arise, this paper creates a bridge between linguistics, philosophy, psychology and epistemology (theory of knowledge).Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 24 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2 (B), University of Marburg (Institute for Anglistics/American Studies), course: Syntax, language: English, abstract: This piece of work intends to present the most cogitable positions concerning the functioning of universal principles in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) as they are commonly considered to work within First Language Acquisition (FLA). It will transpire that various aspects of SLA compared to FLA do not allow for a lucid and irrevocable answer to be given for this question.In order to give the reader an idea of what Universal Grammar (UG) deals with, the first part of the paper sets up a conception of FLA to work on the basis of innate knowledge. Special emphasis is put on the content of Input as well as the realization of UG in terms of principles and parameters. Following SLA is scrutinized more closely with respect to the acquisition process and differences concerning the preconditions of both FLA and SLA before turning to the discussion of the major positions in linguistic research.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 24 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1 (A), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (Institute for Anglistics/ American Studies), course: PS English Sounds and Letters - Past and Present, language: English, abstract: Word accent is a largely discussed field in modern linguistics. If one looks up the combination of the expressions ¿word¿ and ¿accent¿ in an Internet search engine like ¿Google¿, one receives thousands of different websites concerning this issue. In this paper, I want to put together all the important facts of accent in English words and at the same time try to avoid a too complex view on the many details of the topic. In this attempt, I will focus on words in isolation and will only take a small outlook on accent in connected speech.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 24 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Western Europe, grade: B+, University of Malta (University of Malta - Faculty of Arts / International Relations), course: European Security and Defence II (IRL2095), language: English, abstract: The socio ¿ political developments of the outgoing 1980s and beginning 1990s to the greatest extent in Europe initiated the rise of a new era, impacting various political, societal and economic levels drastically throughout the world. With the fall of the Iron Curtain, i.e. the drowning of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and its split into (semi¿) independent states , the breakdown of East Germany (GDR) and its unification with the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) , and the turn up of the United States of America (USA) as the only liable superpower, the final act of the forty years lasting Cold War era found its cumulating closure. The paradigm of the West versus the East, of democracy versus communism was determined, and new patterns had and ¿ since this redefinition appears to be an ongoing process ¿ have to be rethought. In terms of security, the school of the political scientist Barry Buzan presented a structural cluster for the understanding of new evolving threats, resulting from the dissolution of the bipolarity with Russia and USA as having been oppositional poles of more or less equal strength. Apart from the military - related aspects that have dominated the thinking of conflict research throughout the period of the Cold War, this approach includes the means of politics, society, economy and environment as inter-relating and equally impacting issues of high importance for the analysis of security politika. This analysis strives to present the main issues which characterise the transformation of the European security system from the 1990s until today. Hereby, conceptual approaches regarding a theoretical framework of the newly either emerged or recognised threats are related to the actual agenda of the most important players, to say states and institutions, the like, without loosing the perspective for important non¿official political actors such as non governmental organisations (NGOs) or (megä) terrorists (to mention a positive and negative example), as well as economic influences. A description and explanation of the present European security architecture hereby entails the aspects of the phenomenons of globalisation and the idea of a global governance.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 2,0, University of Potsdam, language: English, abstract: 1. Introduction¿We hold these truth to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. [¿]¿ These are the words Thomas Jefferson became famous for. For many people he is the father of liberty in the United States. What most people forget is that at Jefferson¿s time ¿all¿ meant only the white society. His words did not include blacks. The man who proclaimed liberty already possessed over 150 slaves when he wrote the Declaration of Independence. Throughout his life he always condemned slavery in theory, but in practice he died as a slaveowner, having done nothing to ensure the right of liberty to them. Jefferson¿s ideas about slavery were complex and ambiguous. On the one hand, his words were those of an abolitionist who would do everything to end slavery. On the other hand, he was only an ordinary slaveowner who bought and sold slaves and never tried to end slavery seriously. In fact, Jefferson did many things for his country people rightly admire him for. He helped to create and build the United States and used his political power to establish democracy and freedom among his people. But when it comes to slavery, there is nothing really to admire about Jefferson. He proposed liberty, but stayed a slaveowner during his life. This paper will deal with Thomas Jefferson¿s attitude towards slavery. It will show that he never really acted on his words and try to explain the reasons for his inactivity. Therefore it is necessary to speak about the economic and political background of Jefferson¿s time as well as his attitude towards blacks as a race first. The second part will show why Jefferson condemned slavery theoretically and for what reasons. The third part will deal with the actions of Jefferson concerning the issue of slavery.1 federalistpatriot.us2 Paul Finkelman. Slavery and the Founders. (New York: M. E. Sharp, 1996) 105.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 24 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Essay from the year 2001 in the subject Philosophy - Practical (Ethics, Aesthetics, Culture, Nature, Right, .), grade: R. Serge Denisoff Award for Bes, , language: English, abstract: Cabaret songs have been in existence for a little more than a cen tury, which makes the genre surveyable. The reasons for its former pop ularity and recent decline in Europe and for its continued popularity in the USA can be discerned. If, however, we are asked for a precise definition of what a 'cabaret song' is - as compared to other kinds of songs e.g., pop songs or jazz songs we soon find ourselves confronted with considerable difficulties. The simplest imaginable answer that a cabaret song is a song performed in a cabaret or nightclub of a certain, originally European, type, is not necessarily true. Cabaret songs can be heard in music halls, in movies and on recordings of all kinds. As we shall see, we aim with the term at a certain style of performance rather than song, even though obviously not every kind of text can be performed as a cabaret song.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2, University of Sheffield, language: English, abstract: 1. IntroductionFirst of all, and before I proceed with the actual description and basic layout of my term paper, it would be quite interesting to quote the thesis that roused by interest and became my first motivation concerning the study of a certain grammatical phenomenon in Singaporean English. As English is the most widely used language in the world, and it is used by at least 750 million people in addition to being the mother tongue of about 350 million people, it is therefore characterized by a great deal of variation. Nevertheless, it is remarkable that although these regional varieties differ from each other in terms of pronunciation and vocabulary, their grammar is significantly similar (cf. BACHE/ DAVIDSEN 1997: 4). Before we can go on to find out whether this assumption is also verified in the English of Singapore, I will present the main sections of my study.The main and most important part of this term paper is based upon a personal corpus- based study, which should from the start be clearly characterized as relatively restrictive and not quite large in size, in order to avoid any further problems and misunderstandings. This study I mentioned above concerns and tries to closely examine the overall frequencies of get- constructions, and to be more specific, we will try to examine the phenomenon of the get- passive in the English of Singapore, always with the hidden desire to finally come up with a reasonable conclusion towards the end of the paper. In order to succeed in this procedure, after having presented in brief the history of Singapore itself, and later on of the English language in this country, we will try to give some short definitions of the most basic notions, which are used in the following pages. Then, we will proceed in describing the corpora, as well as the methodology used. Moreover, we will point out the problems that automatically arise from this corpus- based study as a whole on the one hand, and from the fact of defining the get- passive itself on the other hand. After making these essential things clear, we will become more familiar with the theories regarding this subject; theories and theses that already exist, they have already been uttered and can be found in various books of grammar of the English language.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Economics - Monetary theory and policy, grade: 1,7, Berlin School of Economics, course: Economics II, Business Cycles, Employment and Trade, language: English, abstract: This essay consists of two topics, both belonging to the field of money supply in the European Union (EU) since the introduction of the Euro 2002. The first part examines the relationship between money supply and inflation rate. Illuminating this relationship, it also explains the monetary policy of the European Central Bank (ECB). The link between its policy and the relationship of money supply and inflation rate will be highlighted by using graphs and current data. The first part ends with a critical view upon the policy of the ECB and the theories regarding the money supply. The second part deals with the role of the ECB in controlling the money supply. It shows which tools central banks have in general at hand to control the money supply, followed by an explanation of how these tools work. Finally, it discusses the development of the ECB and the steps it takes to control the money supply efficiently.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Law, grade: 1,0, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg (Faculty of Economics and Management), course: Law and Economics, language: English, abstract: 1. IntroductionOn the level of economic transactions, contractual relations have emerged over time to govern behavior of people involved in doing business in order to promote the efficient allocation of scarce ressources.1 Thereby, contracts create order, reduce uncertainty or transform uncertainty into risk and thus are basic premises allowing for the exchange of goods or services.2 However, depending on the nature of the economic transaction, parties involved in a contractual agreement may prefer to grant breach of contract if it proves to be efficient compared to performing the contract throughout duration. Hence, in order to guarantee the mutual benefit and thus, in fact, pareto efficiency of breach of contract, contractual settings have to be designed sophisticatedly to account for situations, where a contractual party may want to default and breach a contract.Based on a paper by Steven Shavell,3 in the following, damage measures shall be critically discussed as efficient coordination mechanisms of interests in the event of breach of contract.First of all, the need for contractual settings in order to promote efficient breach of contract given incomplete contingent contracting will be outlined. Then, a light shall be shed on the model of damage measures as used and introduced by Shavell. Thereafter, Shavell¿s approach shall be critically discussed and some further implications will be given.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 24 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich Germanistik - Neuere Deutsche Literatur, Note: 2,0, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (Germanistisches Institut), Veranstaltung: Seminar: Subjekt - Bildung - Institution. Goethes Wilhelm Meister, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: EinleitungDas Marionettentheater weckt bei vielen Menschen lebhafte Erinnerungen an ihre Kindheit, an ganze Nachmittage, die man mit den Puppen zubrachte, um, zusammen mit Freunden, das ein oder andere kleine Stück für die Familie aufzuführen. In diesem unschuldigen Rahmen konnte, vom Teufel über den Polizisten bis hin zur Prinzessin, jede beliebige Identität angenommen und durchgespielt werden. Oftmals zögerte man nicht, sich selbst zur Puppe zu machen und mit vollem Körpereinsatz eine eigene Darbietung der Figur zu liefern.In der Zeit der Aufklärung, des naturwissenschaftlichen und technischen Fortschritts, der Bildung eines neuen Bürgertums und des Individuums an sich, spielte das Marionettentheater eine besondere Rolle. Durch die verschiedenen, teilweise paradoxen, kulturellen Erscheinungen des 18. Jahrhunderts , begegneten dem damals vorherrschenden Weltbild oft gegenläufige Ansichten. Der Körper ¿ und Bildungsdiskurs der Aufklärung wirft bezüglich der Marionetten die Frage auf, wer anmutiger sein kann ¿ der Mensch oder die Marionette Außerdem kann gefragt werden, inwieweit die aufklärerischen Ideologien der Gesellschaft den Menschen selbst zur Marionette machen.Im Folgenden soll versucht werden, die Einflüsse dieser Zeit auf das Marionettentheater und die daraus resultierende Funktion in der Gesellschaft zu erläutern. Für einen intertextuellen Vergleich dienen als Primärtexte Johann Wolfgang von GoethesBildungsroman ¿Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre¿ und Heinrich von Kleists ¿Über das Marionettentheater¿ .

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2006 im Fachbereich Kunst - Malerei, Note: 1,7, Universität Bielefeld (Fakultät für Geschichtswissenschaft, Philosophie und Theologie), Veranstaltung: Rembrandts ikonographischer Stil, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das Jahr 2006 ist in gewisser Weise ein besonderes Jahr. Am 15. Juli jährte sich Rembrandts 400. Geburtstag. Anlässlich dieses Jubiläums ist Rembrandt in der Öffentlichkeit besonders präsent durch zahlreiche Ausstellungen , Artikel in entsprechenden Printmedien und Veranstaltungen. Zudem hat ein neuer Rembrandt-Film Premiere. Rembrandt ist also immer noch aktuell.Das große Interesse an dieser Persönlichkeit spiegelt sich auch in der Forschung wider. Die Literatur zu diesem Thema ist sehr vielseitig. Rembrandt wird eigentlich aus allen Perspektiven betrachtet. So untersucht zum Beispiel Jan Bialostocki die Rolle des Sünders in Rembrandts Werken und gelangt zu dem Ergebnis, dass der Sünder zum tragischen Helden wird. Rembrandt stellt den bußfertigen Sünder dar, der auf Vergebung hofft, einen Menschen, der wirklich menschlich wirkt. Christian Tümpel hingegen widmet sich in Aufsätzen zum Beispiel speziell der ¿Nachtwache¿, wobei er auch ikonographische Aspekte für die Deutung des Bildes heranzieht. In seinem Buch bezieht er sich auf die Person Rembrandts im ganzen und betrachtet dessen Leben und Werke. Weitere Studien, wie zum Beispiel der Beitrag von J.Q. van Regteren Altena befassen sich mit Rembrandts Persönlichkeit, wodurch ein weitergehendes Verständnis seiner Bilder ermöglicht werden soll und eine neue Möglichkeit der Periodisierung seiner Werke geschaffen wird. Speziell mit Rembrandts Ikonographie setzt sich Christian Tümpel in einigen Aufsätzen auseinander. Er widmet sich den Motiven Rembrandts, der Wandlung der ikonographischen Stile und befasst sich mit den Ursprüngen der Barockikonographie. Ziel ist es, durch ein genaueres Verständnis von Rembrandts ikonographischen Motiven seine Bilder genauer deuten zu können.Über seine Selbstbildnisse herrschen in der Forschung unterschiedliche Meinungen. Sie wurden bisher als Ausdruck seiner Eitelkeit interpretiert, als persönlicher Darstellungsdrang, als Wunsch nach Repräsentation und Reputation. Andere Ansichten vertreten die Auffassung, dass es sich, besonders bei den späteren Selbstporträts um eine Art Selbstgespräch handelt, um eine Kommunikation mit dem Ich. Neuere Studien sehen in seinen Selbstbildnissen andere Intentionen. So vertritt zum Beispiel Perry Chapman die Ansicht, seine Selbstbildnisse enthalten auch Aussagen über seine religiösen Ansichten.Dieser kleine Ausblick in die Rembrandt-Forschung zeigt bereits, wie vielschichtig sich dieses Gebiet gestaltet. Die Person Rembrandts und dessen Werke können aus den unterschiedlichsten Perspektiven betrachtet werden. Die Deutungs- und Verständnismöglichkeiten sind vielseitig.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Diploma Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: 1,0, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, language: English, abstract: This paper argues that brand portfolio management is an inevitable discipline in marketing and has to be applied in the business practice. It presents the current literature about this topic, beginning with the general branding theories, covering basics and first approaches to brand portfolio management, and also takes the international focus on brand portfolio management. It shows a case-study of the fast moving consumer goods producer Unilever. Its ¿Path to Growth¿ strategy, where Unilever went through the biggest restructuring efforts in its history, is presented and analysed. The Unilever ¿Path to Growth¿ strategy, was a five year restructuring plan launched in 1999, in which Unilever sold an disinvested many established and smaller brands, cut substantial amounts of costs, laid off thousands of employees and restructured their brand portfolio considerably. The weaknesses and the benefits of ¿Path to Growth¿ are shown, and also brand portfolio management in general is described in this context. The Unilever case is analysed in detail. The motivations for brand portfolio management in general, and the specific restructuring campaign are shown and explained. Financial and qualitative analysis is taken. The outcome of the restructurings is evaluated and conclusions are taken. Recommendations for further studies are made and an outlook is given.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Bachelor Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,7, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, language: English, abstract: Jane Austen¿s Pride and Prejudice has been a widely read and studied novel and has been known to serve as a suitable model for the research of different topics. A special emphasis has been placed on the way Austen portrays her characters¿ speech and thoughts. To her, dialogue is described as the most appropriate means in order to achieve a preferably close approach to reality.Due to the fact that Austen strived after combining a realistic depiction of her characters and their surroundings with psychological depth, she had to find gradations of the ordinary dialogue between the characters. Utterances could be regarded as important or less important, a character could appear more strongly than another in the course of the story or whole scenes could excel others in their prominence.In order to be able to illustrate the different emphasis and to present these contrasts comprehensibly to the reader, the dialogue in Pride and Prejudice is expanded with direct and indirect versions of speech. The same applies to the portrayal of characters¿ thoughts, which accounts for a dominant part of the novel. By alternating between the various possibilities to depict speech and thought, thus putting emphasis on certain situations, it was possible for Austen to insert her own views on specific circumstances and characters.Nevertheless, direct speech is the prevailing method to display the characters¿ utterances since it is the nearest and most dramatic manner. The vivacity of the characters¿ persona, their feelings and different tempers are perceptible through their dialogues and provide a narration that is as realistic as possible.In the following, the different versions of speech and thought presented will be analysed in terms of their occurrence in the novel, their importance and their meaning to the narrator and the reader, as well as exemplified on the basis of selected passages. This can be achieved after giving a detailed description of the terms.Furthermore, the analysis will proceed to a brief, but close investigation of how speech and thought are dealt with in the most recent film adaptation of Pride and Prejudice. (.)BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 56 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Diploma Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3, European Business School - International University Schloß Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel, language: English, abstract: This paper aims at establishing a link between the average level of initial return of IPO shares, existing underpricing explanations and the dot-com bubble. In years prior to the boom of the new economy, underpricing was explained by various theories, which have extensively been developed since decades. However, in the years 1998 to 2001 IPOs were overly underpriced, leading to assumptions about behavioural aspects and investor irrationality. Analysing a comprehensive dataset of 371 IPOs on the Frankfurter Börse between 1997 and 2007, this paper aims at providing evidence that the observed lower levels of initial returns in recent years can indeed be aligned with existing theories on the basis of rational behaviour of market participants. Firstly, the IPO process and its major participants will be presented followed by a review of relevant studies on the IPO phenomenon. In the next step, established underpricing theories are recapitulated. A descriptive analysis of the data sample points out the particularities concerning the company and transaction characteristics of the sample firms. In a last step, a regression analysis relates various proxies for information asymmetry to established underpricing theories. It gives reason to believe that the irrationality at the turn of the century has vanished and that underpricing can again be explained by established theories.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 72 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Master's Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1 (A), University of Graz (Institut für Finanzwirtschaft), language: English, abstract: This thesis provides an exhaustive and well-founded overview of risk measures, in particular of Value at Risk (VaR) and risk measures beyond VaR.Corporations are exposed to different kinds of risks and therefore risk management has become a central task for a successful company. VaR is nowadays widely adapted internationally to measure market risk and is the most frequently used risk measure amongst practitioners due to the fact that the concept offers several advantages. However, VaR also has its drawbacks and hence there have been and still are endeavours to improve VaR and to find better risk measures.In seeking alternative risk measures to try to overcome VaR¿s disadvantages, while still keeping its advantages, risk measures beyond VaR were introduced. The most important alternative risk measures such as Tail Conditional Expectation, Worst Conditional Expectation, Expected Shortfall, Conditional VaR, and Expected Tail Loss are presented in detail in the thesis. It has been found that the listed risk measures are very similar concepts of overcoming the deficiencies of VaR and that there is no clear distinction between them in the literature ¿ ¿confusion of tongues¿ would be an appropriate expression. Two concepts have become widespread in the literature in recent years: Conditional VaR and Expected Shortfall, however there are situations where it can be seen that these are simply different terms for the same measure.Additionally other concepts are touched upon (Conditional Drawdown at Risk, Expected Regret, Spectral Risk Measures, Distortion Risk Measures, and other risk measures) and modifications of VaR (Conditional Autoregressive VaR, Modified VaR, Stable modelling of VaR) are introduced.Recapitulatory the basic findings of the thesis are that there are numerous sophisticated alternative measures and concepts readily available, that there prevails a ¿confusion of tongues¿ with the alternative risk measures in the respective literature and that promising theories and models are on the verge of entering the mainstream financial risk management stage. At the end of the day however neither VaR nor any other introduced risk measure is perfect. There are certain limitations aligned with every method; no single method is the best risk measure.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 84 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Thesis (M.A.) from the year 2007 in the subject Communications - Multimedia, Internet, New Technologies, grade: 2,0, University of Bremen, language: English, abstract: Web 2.0 is a buzzword in the digital industry at the moment. Some of the popular phenomena which exemplify Web 2.0 are blogs, podcasts, wikis or social bookmarking tools. The core of the concept is the individual as an active participant. Audience activity constitutes one of the central themes of media analysis concerning the audience. One descriptor used to operationalize audience activity is involvement (Levy, 1983). Involvement is also used in another discipline of research: consumer research deploys the concept to explain the decision making process of the consumer. The objective of this thesis is to attempt the transfer of the concept of involvement from consumer research to audience research on the active Web 2.0 audience. In other words: Can the concept of involvement from consumer research serve to explain audience activity as implied in the concept of Web 2.0 First, the concept of involvement will be described in connection to audience as well as consumer research. This is followed by an introduction to the concept of involvement in consumer research.Following a brief conceptual and historical overview, the concept of involvement and its two-dimensional foundation will be delienated and all processes involved will be described. Third, the concept of Web 2.0 will be explained in detail in part 3. In order to understand the media interest surrounding Web 2.0, the anticipated innovations from the beginning of the internet will be listed, as well as the new questions for audience research, that emerged out of the expansion of the internet. In the fourth part of this thesis a conceptual transfer is attempted. To analyse the possibilities of the concept of involvement from consumer research for research on Web 2.0 audience activity, a typology of Web 2.0 audience activities will be suggested. Existing research on the Web 2.0 audience will be reviewed for the processes that amount to the construct of involvement in consumer research. A concluding assessment of the possibilities of the concept of involvement from consumer research for Web 2.0 audience activity research will mark the end.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 92 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Hannover (Englisches Seminar), course: Hauptseminar Corpora and Language Teaching, language: English, abstract: The use of corpora has expanded linguistic research possibilities, revolutionized theoretical concepts of language by applying empirical methods, and changed the face of applied linguistics. Although corpora are a tremendous asset to lexicography, translation studies, cultural studies and even to forensics, an awareness of their benefits has not fully arrived in the field of language teaching, yet. While insights from corpora linguistics have led to the development of a new and improved generation of dictionaries, most teaching materials for teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) have been largely unaffected in this respect, and are regrettably still based on old conventions and on the intuition of course book designers.This unfortunate fact is the starting point for the term paper at hand, which investi-gates the high frequency nouns day, money and way in two corpora in order to compare their authentic use by native speakers to their illustration in German teaching materials. Its focus is set on phraseology and frequency to find out if these nouns are adequately represented, or if an amendment of teaching materials is necessary.The spoken part of the British National Corpus (BNC spoken) serves as the basis of this analysis, due to the fact that German language teaching policy favours a communicative approach aiming at the development of communicative competence and fluency in spoken English. The BNC findings are juxtaposed to the results of an analysis of the German English as a Foreign Language Textbook Corpus (GEFL TC), a corpus comprising two school book series. Additionally, the nouns¿ introduction and presentation in the German English G 2000 textbook series are explored. Finally, as one approach to investigate the teaching materials for advanced learners, the respective entries are checked in three dictionaries aiming at this target group, namely the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, the Macmillan Dictionary for Advanced Learners and the Oxford Advanced Learners¿ Dictionary of Current English.The paper will first provide the theoretical background for the analysis, and will explain its concept and methods. Subsequently, it will focus on the analysis¿ results and will propose improvements to textbook design. Last but not least, it presents Data Driven Learning (DDL) as corpus-based complement of course books and devises six exercises, based on the corpora findings of the BNC spoken, to exemplify it.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 144 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2003 im Fachbereich BWL - Sonstiges, einseitig bedruckt, Note: 1, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz (Institut für Soziologie), 31 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Triest Erinnerungen an die Zeit der Monarchie werden wach. Triest, der zentrale Hafen der österreichisch-ungarischen Doppelmonarchie. Dann vielleicht noch Erinnerungen an die Zeit nach dem 2. Weltkrieg die Triest-Frage. Doch dann wurde es still um die einst blühende multikulturelle Metropole an der oberen Adria. Doch dies könnte sich mit dem Beitritt der mittel- und osteuropäischen Länder zu Europäischen Union schlagartig ändern. Durch die geographisch gesehen ausgezeichnete Lage könnte Triest zu dem mitteleuropäischen Handelsplatz der Zukunft werden. Die Arbeit soll eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme der Stadt Triest und einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Infrastruktur allgemein sowie den Hafen als zentralen Wirtschaftsfaktor geben. Ein Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit zukünftigen Infrastrukturprojekten, die in engem Zusammenhang mit der EU-Erweiterung stehen. Hierbei wird ein spezielles Augenmerk auf Projekte in Verbindung mit Triest und der Region um Triest gelegt. Weiters sollen geplante und sich teilweise schon in Bau befindliche Infrastrukturprojekte in Triest selbst (z.B. Hafen) und in der Region um Triest aufgezeigt werden. Abschließend sollen die Chancen, die der Wirtschaftsstandort Triest mit dem Hafen als größtem Zugpferd hat, erforscht werden. Wie sieht die Zukunft Triest aus, in welche Bereiche soll investiert werden und welche Geschäftsfelder sind noch ausbaufähig. Der Leser soll mit dieser Arbeit einen umfassenden Überblick über Triest, die Infrastruktur, die Dimension der EU-Erweiterung für diese Grenzstadt, die geplanten zukünftigen Infrastrukturprojekte und die Zukunftschancen für Triest erhalten. 48 pp. Deutsch.