Hoffmann jul 2000 (2 résultats)

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -A book for anyone interested in the natural Sciences - with further title: '. Light, Beam Path, Gloss or Lustre Effect, Filter, Light Types, Illumination, Illuminant, Metamerism, Measurement Geometries, Observation Angle, System Type, Measurement Mode, Measuring System-Object Relation, Positioning, Displacement, Reproducibility, Sizes of the Measuring Surface and Measuring Opening, Water, Liquid, Liquid Content, Liquid flow, Drying or Dehydration, Thermogravimetry, Suction, Capillary Effect, Permeability, Liquid Absorption or Rehydration, Reversibility, Subjectivity, Subjective-Objective, Perception, Individuality (Identification, Authentication), Sex, Age, Time, Time of Death, Color Space, Monitoring, Spectral Curves, Crown Curvature, Layering, Pulp, Dentine, Enamel, Size, Dimensioning, Weight, Structure, Paradox, Learning, Reconstruction, Simulation, Superimposition, Influencing Factors, Neural Network, Dental Clock, Tooth Memory.'For the first time, André Hoffmann systematically researched the tooth color and its origin. This book shows an excerpt of this systematic original research at human teeth and dental shade guides with high-precision measuring systems and high-precision positioning systems (self-developments) in vitro - with the highest precision. Due to his basic scientific research, the pioneer in the field of photonics was able to quantify and isolate manifold factors influencing the color of teeth. All these influencing factors are investigated on moist, drying, drier (various specific dehydration and rehydration states) and dry teeth based on the brightness (L\*), on color measurement values, such as a\*, b\* (CIELAB), C\*, h, (CIELCH), DeltaE, on the metamerism index, on spectral values and curves, tabs of dental shade guides and on tooth color spaces .As part of this exploration, phenomena (e.g. changes and breaks in behaviour as well as highly individual developments in color values, paradoxes between the values of subjective determination using tooth shade patterns and the values of objective measurements) were identified and insights into the very complex color dynamics through dehydration and rehydration were shown (up to more than >8 days). The development of the individual color measurement values was based on the liquid flow through the tooth and its tissues, in particular during drying and rehydration, and gave information about dynamics and the temporal extent of these processes.On the basis of this data, Hoffmann had developed several methods for research and practice, suggestions for feasible innovations, such as monitoring of dental treatment to protect against pulp damage based on drying, and reconstructing the color of naturally moist teeth on those that have already dried, the identification of the living and the dead, human and animals via the 'dental fingerprint' and a novel method of measuring the time of death for forensic medicine. He also described a time limit of drying up to which relatively natural, suitable color values and shade matching results can be obtained and after which no color determination should be carried out; and he established the rehydration time after the end of the drying or dental treatment, which must be waited in order to regain a natural tooth color and to get correct values and results again.His findings also show that teeth are able to store information on, for example, the condition (liquid content, color values) and the time within the drying and liquid re-absorption chronology. The author articulates a 'dental chronometer' ('tooth clock'), 'dental data store' ('tooth data store') and a 'dental memory' ('tooth memory') and believes that significant progress in this area may include and could be achieved via a neural network for color measurement apparatus. 164 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -First also Reference-Independent Measurement and Analysis Method due to Reversibility of Drying and Absorption of Liquid or Water:If it were possible to find a process in a certain tissue that would behave precisely like one or, better, several clockworks, and if it were still possible to reset the time to the state before or at the time of death, if it would also be possible that these synchronous clocks run again, and if it were also possible to run the elapsed time after death in real time on the identical individual to be examined or the identical examination object under comparable conditions (simulation), the perfect and most precise method for determining the time of death would be born.The author of the present work has observed that teeth of dead appear much brighter, differently colored and less translucent and more opaque than teeth of living people and that dental color changes are based on reversible drying and liquid absorption processes and can be measured with high precision and very differentiated values - he revealed phenomena, paradoxes, dynamics and liquid flow and articulates the 'dental fingerprint' for identification, 'tooth clock', 'tooth memory' .He measures the loss of liquid in ranges of up to one millionth of a gram, in the microgram range, as well as the color and reflection spectra with high-precision measuring systems and he sees a fundamental possibility in the use of processes that he has measured and analyzed on drying and liquid-absorbing teeth and he is presenting a novel method for the first time. Furthermore, for the first time, he also presents a reference-independent approach (perhaps the first reference-independent analysis or measurement method in the natural sciences) based on drying up to the time of the first measurement, liquid storage and repeated drying - the actual simulation. For this reference-independent method approach, in contrast to his reference-dependent method, it does not necessarily need reference values, i.e. values that had to be obtained beforehand on other, comparable samples (see nomogram), but only values that were obtained previously on the identical object. For the first time, the 'scattering problem' was circumvented - the way to a high-precision method The novel method of analyzing and measuring the time of death seems to have a number of advantages: objectifying measurement instead of subjective estimations of stages; several independent values, such as L \*, a \*, b \*, C \*, h, M, spectral values, instead of just one numerical value (temperature in degrees) in the case of the body cooling method, reversibility instead of irreversibility of the processes and thus, after sufficient liquid storage, repeatability of the post-mortem conditions and consequently the post-mortem interval up to the first measurement in the context of a simulation under comparable conditions on the identical object and thus avoidance of the 'scattering problem', avoidance of intra- and inter-individual differences on both sides of the autopsy table - for the estimating and for the estimated individual, time of death measurement on site or high-precision measurements with high-precision positioning systems instead of measurement with thermometers, in the author's vision, comfortable measurements of various samples independently of one another within an automatic analyzer simulating ambient conditions in the laboratory instead . - A breakthrough 84 pp. Englisch.…