springer netherlands springer netherlands jul 1973 (139 résultats)

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -For a quarter of a century the industrial Western world has been living in the euphoria of continuous improvements in welfare, based on economic programming, increasing integration and terms of trade which favor indus trial countries and discriminate against agricultural regions. It is true that recessions have periodically recurred during these years : time and again, however, government intervention succeeded in reducing them to mere 'in ventory cycles'. In contrast with the twenties and thirties, when economic policy in the West focused on fighting unemployment and stimulating investment, the postwar period has been characterized by a permanent concern to curb inflationary pressure, which was partly due to full-employ ment. The present welfare economy has given rise to a growth of the pro pensity to consume such that public policy has often been constrained to limit consumption and stimulate saving. In this new framework it has perhaps been forgotten that today's welfare owes much to the lessons from the past. The bitter world crisis experience of the thirties in particular has exerted a fruitful and decisive influence upon the search for means to prevent, eliminate or soften the cyclical fluctuations which the process of economic growth involves. Forty years after the out break of the greatest economic crisis ever, it seems useful to draw up the balancesheet of the lessons learned from it. There exists a large literature about the depression of the thirties.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 304 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -The purpose of this study is to investigate the legitimacy of the principle, 'The per accidens necessarily implies the per se,' as it is found in the writings of St. Thomas Aquinas. Special emphasis will be placed upon the function of this principle in the proofs for God's existence. The relevance of the principle in this latter context can be seen at once when it is observed that it is the key to the solution of the well known 'prob lem of infinite regress. ' The investigation of the principle in question will be divided into two Parts. A preliminary examination of the function of the principle will be made in Part I: Domains Other Than That of Creature-God. The domains to be considered in this Part are those of accident-substance, change, and knowledge. Employing what is learned of the function of the principle in these areas of application, Part II: The Domain of Creature-God will analyze the role of the principle in the proofs for God's existence. This latter Part will constitute the greater portion of the book, since the domain of creatures in their relation to God is the most significant application of the principle in the writings of St. Thomas. In the course of this investigation, relevant analyses by St. Thomas' commentators - both classical and contemporary - will be considered. Finally, in light of the insights offered by St.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 216 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -With the decline of the Whig interpretation of history, historians in the past few decades have re-examined the origins and the nature of the English Revolution from various perspectives. The constitutional conflict 1 between the crown and parliament has been analyzed. The Puritan mind 2 has been explored. Social change in England during the century prior 3 to the outbreak of the Civil War has been anatomized. The composition 4 of the Long Parliament has been dissected. Every student of the English Revolution is now well aware that the crisis in seventeenth-century Eng land, like all other major events in history, was a complex phenomenon in which men as well as ideas, religious convictions as well as economic interests all came into play. For all students of this period, the works of Samuel R. Gardiner, am plified by Sir Charles H. Firth, remain the chief source of knowledge and 1 It should be noted that while former historians from Hallam and Macaulay to G. M. Trevelyan and J R. Tanner all interpreted the English Revolution in terms of the constitution, recent historical scholarship in this respect is more concerned with the evolution and functioning of the constitution rather than the constitutional rights and wrongs of either party in the conflict. See Wallace Notestein, The Winning of the Initiative by the House of Commons (London, 1924); Margaret A.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 216 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 120 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -A way of understanding the laws which govem the worId of elementary particIes has not been found yet. Present-day theoretical physicists have to be satisfied with compromises which, at the best, promise some success at the expense of generality and unity. U nder these circumstances a critical analysis of the basic concepts of modem quantum theory may be timely and usefuI. It is hoped that the value of such an analysis may be preserved even if, in the near future, new ways of understanding the basis of elementary particIe physics are discovered. In this monograph one specific aspect of this analysis is treated, namely the problems of geometry in the microworld. An out line of geometrical measurements in the macroworld was given pre viously. These measurements seem to be c1ear enough for at least a certain set of problems to be considered as a starting point for discussing the situation in the microworld. The concepts and methods which are useful in the macroworld may only indirectly be carried over into the microworld and they require a high degree of abstraction. In comprehending the physical content of dynamic variables which have geometric meaning, for example, the space-time partic1e coor dinates x, y, z, t it is of ten necessary to have recourse to gedanken experiments which, although not feasible in practice, can nevertheless be compatible with the basic principles of geometry and quantum mechanics.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 348 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware 264 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -I t is only relatively recently that serious attempts have been made to rescue Diderot's political writings from obscurity and neglect, and ascribe to the ideas expressed therein their due place in the panoply of his intellectual and artistic achievements. This has been largely made possible by the transference of the Fonds Vandeul from Diderot's descendants to the Bibliotheque Nationale in 1954. This important collection of manuscripts and papers, to which scholars have previously had very inadequate access, contains the bulk of the political writings, most of which had either never been published, or were only obtainable in badly prepared or rare editions. In recent years, however, excellent critical editions of the most impor tant political texts have appeared; the Textes Politiques edited by Yves Benot, and the Oeuvres Politiques and the Memoires pour Catherine II edited by Paul Verniere are all notable contributions. Meanwhile Jacques Proust has written a major thesis on Diderot et l'Encyclopedie which con tains a detailed study of Diderot's political ideas during the years he de voted to the construction of that great intellectual monument. Most re cently Yves Benot has published a general work with an important study of Diderot's hostility to European colonial policies, Diderot, de l' atheisme a l'anticolonialisme. Furthermore, Diderot's contributions to the three editions of Raynal's Histoire des deux Indes have been identified with virtual certainty by Michele Duchet and Hans Wolpe, thereby opening up a further valuable source for his political ideas.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 268 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Since the first appearance of this bibliography (1934, Oxford Uni versity Press), which has long been out of print, so much attention has been paid to Berkeley that a mere reprint would be inept. Besides bringing it up to date I have added collations of those editions of Berkeley's writings that were published in his lifetime. In doing so I have used a form of description simple enough for anyone to follow yet sufficient to enable librarians to check their catalogues and to identify copies in which the titlepage is missing or mutilated. As before, I have marked with an asterisk throughout the bibliography every book, edition and article that has not been seen by me or, in a few cases, by a competent friend. My primary interest not being bibliographical in the present-day highly technical sense, but philosophical, I have aimed chiefly at (a) providing advanced students (and their hard-pressed advisers) of Berkeley, or of the subjects on which he wrote, with a guide to the materials for research, and (b) displaying the range in time and place, and the direction, of the attention which he has attracted. These two aims account for the classification of the entries under a few general subject-headings and of the philosophical entries under countries, and for the arranging of the entries in each section or subsection in chrono logical order, the alphabetical ordering of the authors' names being given in the Index. To facilitate reference and cross-reference each entry is numbered.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 180 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -My purpose in this book is to re-interpret the philosophy of Spinoza to a new generation. I make no attempt to compete with the historical scholar ship of A. H. Wolfson in tracing back Spinoza's ideas to his Ancient, Hebrew and Mediaeval forerunners, or the meticulous philosophical scrutiny of Harold Joachim, which I could wish to emulate but cannot hope to rival. I have simply relied upon the text of Spinoza's own writings in an effort to grasp and to make intelligible to others the precise meaning of his doctrine, and to decide whether, in spite of numerous apparent and serious internal conflicts, it can be understood as a consistent whole. In so doing I have found it necessary to correct what seem to me t0' be mis conceptions frequently entertained by commentators. Whether or not I am right in my re-interpretation, it will, I hope, contribute something fresh, if not to the knowledge of Spinoza, at least to the discussion of what he really meant to say. The limits within which I am constrained to write prevent me from drawing fully upon the great mass of scholarly writings on Spinoza, his life and times, his works and his philosophical ideas. I can only try to make amends for omissions by listing the most important works in the Spinoza bibliography, for reference by those who would seek to know more about his philosophy. This list I have added as an appendix.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 290 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -This book was born of a refusal, the refusal of the very philosophy from which it has sprung. After the war, when it had become apparent that the classical tradition, and particularly neo-Kantianism, was breathing its last, French thought looked to Germany for its inspiration and renewal. Jean Hyppolite and Kojeve reintroduced Hegel and the 'existentialists' and phenomenologists drew the attention of a curious public to the fundamental investigations of Husserl and Heidegger. If only by being understood as a phenomenological ontology, this books speaks eloquently enough of the debt it owes to these thinkers of genius. The conceptual material which it uses, particn1arly in chapters 1 to 44, outlines the Husserlian and Heideggerian horizon of the investigations. However, it is precisely this horizon which is questioned. In spite of its profundity and achievements, I wanted to show that contemporary ontology pushes to the absolute the presuppositions and the limits of the philosophy of consciousness since Descartes and even of all Western philosophy since the Greeks. An 'External' critique, viz. the opposing of one thesis to another, wonld have no sense whatever. Rather, it is interior to these presuppositions whose insufficiency had to be shown that we placed ourselves; the very concepts which were rejected were also the ones which guided the problem initially.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 760 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 368 pp. Französisch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 264 pp. Französisch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 440 pp. Französisch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 490 pp. Französisch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Eine im Zuge der Neuausgabe von Husserls Ideen I vorgenom mene Durchforschung des gesamten Husserlschen Nachlasses ließ den Vf. auf eine Vielzahl von Manuskripten stoßen, die in unmittelbarem Zusammenhang mit den Ideen I stehen. So sehr nun diese der neuen Ausgabe beigefügten Texte erlauben, hinter die technisch-trockene Vorderansicht des Werkes zurück- bzw. über sie hinauszugehen, so sehr bedürfen diese nach Inhalt und Entstehungszeit recht heterogenen und oft nur bruchstückhaft erhaltenen Notizen erst einmal einer Erschließung nach Bedeu tung und Tragweite des in ihnen Gesagten. In der Reflexion auf sie zeigte sich, daß an diesen Texten sich ein beständiger Fort gang in Husserls denkerischer Entwicklung ablesen läßt, während Ziele und Antriebe seiner Arbeit in erstaunlicher Weise als die selben beharren. Sie finden ihre Einheit in seinem Begriff der phänomenologischen Philosophie, auf den auch der Haupttitel der Ideen vordeutet. Diese Leitidee wird im I. Buch der Ideen als reine Phänomenologie verwirklicht. Daher galt es dem Spannungs verhältnis zwischen reiner oder mundaner und philosophischer bzw. transzendentaler Phänomenologie insgesamt nachzuspüren, um so Unveränderung und Wandlung, Zerteiltheit und Zentrie rung der Phänomenologie Husserls am Beispiel seines Haupt werkes positiv begreifen zu können. Vielleicht ergibt sich daraus u. a. , daß Husserls Anknüpfung an die platonische Idee der Philosophie viel unmittelbarer war, als er selber zu vermuten wagte. Mein Dank gilt Prof. H. L. Van Breda, dem Direktor des Husserl-Archivs zu Löwen, für die Erlaubnis zur ausführlichen Zitierung aus Husserls Nachlaßmanuskripten; Prof.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 210 pp. Deutsch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -4,12f. über Erkenntnismöglichkeiten - Bleistijtzusatz 11 4,15 über eigene Erkenntnismöglichkeit - Bleistijtzusatz 11 4,18ff . . . . . müssen wir zunächst zweifellose Fälle haben von Erkenntnissen oder Erkennt nismöglichkeiten, die Erkenntnis wirklich treffen, und daher nicht unbesehen Erkenntnis als Erkenntnis hinnehmen; - der Satz in seiner ursprünglichen Form 114,22f. von sonst hätten wir . . . . bis volles Ziel Bleistijtzusatz 115,5 und Geisteswissenschaften - Bleistijtzusatz nach 1922 11 5,20f. Dieser Satz ist eine Bleistijtergänzung 11 5,28 voll und ganz adäquat - Bleistiftergänzung 11 5,33 adäquat - Bleistiftzusatz 116,2-16 Der Text von: Was ich will bis sie nicht anzuknüpfen steht in eckiger Bleistiftklammer ; am Rande von Husserl vermerkt: Das ist unklar oder nicht gut passend. Beilage. 11 6,5 der Möglichkeit - Bleistiftzusatz 11 6,23 ihrer Leistung Hinzufügung nach 1922 11 6,32 Zusatz nach 1922: als Prämisse, selbst als Hypothese 11 7,2 ihrer Leistung - Bleistift verbesserung für: irgend einer Idee wie es ursprünglich hieß 11 7,3ff. Der letzte Teil dieses Satze8, von es heißt an, bis herleiten steht in eckiger Bleistiftklammer 117,15 Hinzugefügt: der Mensch 117,20 Hinzu gefügt: dieser Mensch 11 7,30 Bewußtsein des Menschen - Verbesserung von: Ichbewußtsein wie es ursprünglich hieß 11 7,32ff. Spätere Rand bemerkung zum Text: Das Immanente bezweifelt man nicht, aber die Erkenntnis des Immanenten ist genau so problematisch und auch ein schwieriges Problem. 11 9,18f.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 112 pp. Deutsch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -objektiv bestimmt wird, was die schlichte Wahmehmung noch unbestimmt und vage liiBt.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 260 pp. Deutsch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Le 27 avril 1938, Edmund HUSSERL, l'initiateur et principal representant du courant phenomenologique dans la philosophie contemporaine, mourut a Fribourg en Brisgau, age de pres de quatre-vingts ans. Depuis la parution de ses Logische Untersuchungen en 190~ 1901, le monde philosophique international avait suivi, avec UD interet toujours croissant, les exposes successifs et de plus en plus approfondis, que le maUre fribourgeois publiait sur les prin~ cipes de sa methode, dite pMnomenologique, sur les applications concretes de celle-ci aux problemes philosophiques les plus divers, ainsi que sur la phenomenologie comme systeme philo sophique autonome et pour ainsi dire 'autarchique'. Ces publi cations, relativement peu nombreuses, mais fort remarquees des leur parution, furent etudiees avec le plus grand soin par les representants les plus autorises des differents courants de la pensee contemporaine. Les critiques, il va sans dire, ne manquerent point. On attira l'attention sur le caractere plutöt programmatique de ces etudes, sur la terminologie fort neuve, quelque peu arbitraire, parfois meme deroutante, dont se servait l'auteur, sur son pen chant prononce pour des distinctions subtiles et pour des defini tions minutieuses a l'exces, sur la difficulte de son style et les complications parfois inutiles de son expose, enfin et surtout - au moins depuis 1913 - sur le caractere audacieux de sa theorie de la reduction, presentee par lui avec une insistance toute par ticuliere comme le fondement dernier et indispensable de toute phenomenologie presente ou future.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 288 pp. Deutsch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -unmittelbar wahr; sie ist zusammen, gleichzeitig mit uns und steht zu uns in der Beziehung des Gesehen-, Getastet-, Gehört werdens usw. Wirkliche Wahrnehmungen stehen dabei im Konnex mit Wahrnehmungsmöglichkeiten, mit vergegenwärti- 5 genden Anschauungen; in den Zusammenhängen der unmittel baren Wahrnehmung sind Leitfäden enthalten, die uns fortführen von Wahrnehmung zu Wahrnehmung, von einer ersten Um gebung zu immer neuen Umgebungen, und dabei trifft der wahr nehmende Blick die Dinge in der Ordnung der Räumlichkeit. Wir 10 haben auch eine zeitliche Umgebung, eine nähere und fernere; eben gewesener Dinge und Vorgänge erinnern wir uns unmittel bar; sie waren nicht nur, sondern stehen jetzt in der Beziehung des Erinnertwerdens zu uns; worin auch beschlossen ist das Soeben-wahrgenommenworden-Sein. Die Erinnerung gleicht dabei 15 als fortgesetzte Wiedererinnerung einem Leitfaden; sie führt uns in der Zeit Schritt für Schritt zurück, und damit treten immer neue Linien der räumlich-zeitlichen Wirklichkeit, und zwar der vergangenen, zu uns in Beziehung, in diese eigentümliche Be ziehung der Erinnerung und des Wahrgenommenworden-Seins. 20 Die Zukunft der Welt tritt zu uns in Beziehung durch die voraus blickende Erwartung. über diesen niederen Akten bauen sich höhere auf, in denen wir uns denkend, schließend, theoretisierend zur Welt in Beziehung setzen; und wieder kommen dazu die sogenannten emotionalen Akte, in sich neue solche Be- 25 ziehungen konstituieren, obschon Beziehungen, die einer anderen Sphäre angehören. Wir schätzen als angenehm und unangenehm, als gut und schlecht, wir greifen handelnd in die Welt ein usw.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 464 pp. Deutsch.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware -Vorbemerkung Wo in den jolgenden Manuskriptbeschreibungen nichts anderes vermerkt ist, handelt es sich immer um in Tinte geschriebene Stenogramme (System Gabelsberg) auf Blattern vom Format 2I,5 X I7 cm. In den Textkritischen Anmerkungen finden folgende Abkurzungen Ver wendung: Bl. = Blatt; Einf. = Einfugung (Zusatz, fur den vom VerI. die Stelle der Einfugung in den Text bezeichnet ist); Erg. = Erganzung (Zusatz, bei dem die Stelle der Einfugung vom Verf. nicht bezeichnet ist); Rb. = Rand bemerkung; V. = Veranderung. Nr. 1 (5. 1-3) Der Text gibt die Blatter I8 und 29 des Konvolutes A VI IO wieder. Dieses Konvolut enthiilt in ungeordneter Weise hauptsachlich Bruchstucke verschiedener Manuskripte. Es wurde in dieser Form in den Jahren nach I920 unter inhaltlichem Gesichtspunkt zusammengestellt, der auf dem Ge samtumschlag angegeben ist: Meist Vorlagen zu Ideen II. Ieh, Person, geistige Substanz. Personale Eigenart, geistige Individualitat und Indivi dualitat des Naturobjekts. Lokalisierung des Ieh als Zentrum der um weltliehen Orientierung. Ieh-habe, Ieh-verhalte-mieh. Ieh und Bewusst seinsstrom. Dberhaupt Iehprobleme. Einzuordnen! Zur Datierung gibt Husserl an: meist letzte G5ttinger Zeit, von 1912 ab, doch enthiilt das Konvolut auch Bliitter von I90j und solehe aus der Zeit um I920. Die Bliitter I8 und 29 gehOren nach Papier, Schrift, Tinte sowie Inhalt zusammen und stammen wahl aus den See/elder Ferien von I90j: Auf Blatt 29 steht der Vermerk Seefeld. Es ist aber nicht zu entscheiden, ob sich die beiden Bliitter im ursprunglichsten Kontext von Seefeld unmittelbar folgten. 600 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The proposal to organize a Symposium on circumstellar matter and extended atmo spheres in binary systems was first made by the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory to the Executive Committee of the International Astronomical Union in the summer of 1969. It received the support of the presidents of Commissions 29 (Stellar Spectra), 30 (Radial Velocities), 36 (Stellar Atmospheres), and 42 (Photometric Double Stars). Approval in principle was given by the Executive Committee almost immediately, and the Committee further suggested that the Symposium be officially designated the Struve Memorial Symposium. Final approval was given at the time of the 1970 General Assembly of the Union. when the dates of the Symposium were set for August or September, 1972. The Organizing Committee set up consisted of K. O. Wright (Chairman), A. H. Batten, K. -H. B6hm, A. A. Boyarchuk, G. Larsson-Leander, and M. Plavec. In addition, J. Sahade and F. B. Wood acted as advisory members. Local organization was entrusted to a committee consisting of A. H. Batten, E. K. Lee, and C. D. Scarfe. The final dates selected were September 6-12, 1972, and the Sym posium was held at the Island Hall Hotel, Parksville, B. C. , on Vancouver Island some 90 miles from Victoria. The Organizing Committee attempted to arrange a Symposium of the type in which no contributed papers would be presented and discussion would range as widely as possible over the field covered by the six invited review papers. 308 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In many ways, Fray Antonio de Guevara (1480 -1545) is the forgotten man of the Spanish Renaissance. This century has seen the publication of four of his works, Aviso de privados (Paris, 1912), Menosprecio de Corte (Madrid, 1952), Epistolas familiares (Madrid, 1950), and Una Decada de Cesares (Chapel Hill, Nmth Carolina, 1966). A good modem edition of his most important work, Libro aureo de Marco Aurelio, is available only in a scholarly French magazine (Revue Hispanique, 76 [1929]), and its enlarged version, Relox de principes, can be found in its entirety only in the major libraries of the civilized world. Yet, once this writer was the most popular author of Europe whose works were con sidered the most widely read after the Bible, according to a frequently quoted statement of Merik Casaubon. Regardless of one's personal opinion about the merits of his books, no one will quarrel with the propo sition that additional studies dealing with the writings of Guevara are desirable. The acceptance of Guevara's writings, in spite of their popularity, was by no means unanimous. The purpose of this book is to present a detailed history of the differing reactions to the author and to explore their back ground and causes. We shall also note how the polemics about Guevara reflect the changing intellectual climate of the passing centuries. 152 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Under the inspiring guidance of my mentor, Curt Sachs, this work was conceived, planned, and executed. It gained in dimension under the acute and patient perusal of Gustave Reese to whose brilliant propensity for clarity of thought and of style lowe a huge debt. Furthermore, the helpful suggestions made by Martin Bernstein and by Jan LaRue are gratefully acknowledged. If Jaap Kunst had not kindly gone to the trouble of ordering, supervising the con struction of, and mailing to me from Amsterdam his personally designed monochord, an important section of this work could not have taken form. This preface is not complete, of course, without final thanks to my husband, Harvey B. N atanson, for his sustained interest and encouragement. R. B. Note As the present work goes to press, the political map of Africa is flowing into a new mold. Several countries have obtained independence, and new names and data should be con sidered: French Equatorial Africa has become (November 28-December I, 1958) four independent countries - Republic of the Congo: Brazzaville (formerly Middle Congo), Gabon Republic (formerly Gabon), Central African Republic (formerly Ubangi-Shari), and Republic of Chad (formerly Chad). The Belgian Congo has become (June 30, 1960) the Republic of the Congo: Leopoldville. 300 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -For a quarter of a century the industrial Western world has been living in the euphoria of continuous improvements in welfare, based on economic programming, increasing integration and terms of trade which favor indus trial countries and discriminate against agricultural regions. It is true that recessions have periodically recurred during these years : time and again, however, government intervention succeeded in reducing them to mere 'in ventory cycles'. In contrast with the twenties and thirties, when economic policy in the West focused on fighting unemployment and stimulating investment, the postwar period has been characterized by a permanent concern to curb inflationary pressure, which was partly due to full-employ ment. The present welfare economy has given rise to a growth of the pro pensity to consume such that public policy has often been constrained to limit consumption and stimulate saving. In this new framework it has perhaps been forgotten that today's welfare owes much to the lessons from the past. The bitter world crisis experience of the thirties in particular has exerted a fruitful and decisive influence upon the search for means to prevent, eliminate or soften the cyclical fluctuations which the process of economic growth involves. Forty years after the out break of the greatest economic crisis ever, it seems useful to draw up the balancesheet of the lessons learned from it. There exists a large literature about the depression of the thirties. 304 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -We have in this volume, compiled a connected account of the proceedings of the Symposium on Wolf-Rayet and High-Temperature Stars held at Buenos Aires. The Organizing Committee had assigned broad areas of topical interest to be reviewed by invited speakers. Each of these presentations was followed by lengthy discussions that were tape recorded and transcribed later. These discussions have been edited only to a limited extent. We have shortened them and rearranged them to bring about a greater coherence. We have, however, attempted to retain the tenor of the discussions, the flavour of impromptu remarks and the continuity of an argument. Much of the success of such a venture depends on the contributors to the discussions. To be able to make these thoughts available to a larger audience has been the task of those re sponsible for the elaborate tape recording of the proceedings. We thank those at the Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio for the efficient way in which this re sponsibility has been discharged. Many at Buenos Aires and Kodaikanal have contrib uted efficient assistance to the preparation of this volume and we are deeply indebted for their help. In particular, two amongst these, Nora Martinez and A. M. Batcha have contributed overwhelmingly both to the organization of the symposium and the final preparation of the symposium volume. Financial support for this symposium came from the International Astronomical Union and the Argentine National Research Council. 280 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -As the title of this book was meant to suggest, its subject is the way we talk about (and write about) works of art: or, rather, one of the ways, namely, the way we describe works of art for critical purposes. Be cause I wished to restrict my subject matter in this way, I have made a sharp, and no doubt largely artificial distinction between describing and evaluating. And I must, at the outset, guard against a misreading of this distinction to which I have left myself open. In distinguishing between evaluative and descriptive aesthetic judgments, I am not saying that when I assert 'X is p,' where p is a 'descriptive' term like 'unified,' or 'delicate,' or 'garish,' I may not at the same time be evaluating X too; and I am not saying that when I make the obviously 'evaluative' assertion 'X is good,' I may not be describing X. Clearly, if I say 'X is unified' I am evaluating X in that unity is a good-making feature of works of art; and as it is correct in English at least to call an evaluation a description, I do not want to suggest that if an assertion is evaluative, it cannot be de scriptive (although there have been many philosophers who have thought this indeed to be the case). 148 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -I. Since the appearance in 1902 of Benedetto Croce's L'estetica come scienza dell' espressione e linguistica generale, the problem of the ontology of the work of art or aesthetic object - what kind of thing it is and what its mode of being is - has come to occupy a central place in the philosophy of art. Moreover, a particular conception of the identity of art objects is at present a driving force in some quarters of the art world itself. As Harold Rosenberg so well points out, Minimalist or Reductive Art has attempted, sometimes quite self-consciously, to establish the autonomous physical reality of the work of art by empty ing it of all expressive and representational content. ! What is the ontological problem One rather crude way of stating it is to ask where the work of art or object of aesthetic contemplation 2 exists. Is it, to pick some examples, to be identified with the material product of the artist's labors which exists spatially 'outside of' and independently of artist and beholder Or does it exist only 'in the mind' of the beholder or the artist Is it either one perception of a beholder or a series of his perceptions Or is it the class of all percep tions of either all spectators or all 'qualified' spectators Put another way, it would be a question of whether and to what such purported names as 'Beethoven's Fifth Symphony' refer. 140 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The Steering Committee for the Plan Europe 2000, Project 1: Education, invited the working group to analyse the problems of technical and vocational education projected over the next 30 years, both at se condary school and at university level. This report summarises the findings of approximately two years' research and discussion by the group, coordinated by the undersigned. It is in fact a combined report, although one chapter - the eighth is devoted specifically to university problems. This we consider to be amply justified by the nature of the subjects discussed: it is difficult to make a clear-cut distinction between solutions on the secondary level and solutions on the post-secondary level, especially when they are projected into the future. The group organised its work as follows: it consulted the literature to the extent possible and sought replies to a comprehensive analytical questionnaire from a wide sample of experts in different countries (the composition of the sample is described in the opening section of Appendix A); it arranged many meetings with qualified persons for discussions, as well as visits by individuals or small groups to training institutions in several European countries to meet experts in this field and it took part in national and international congresses and conferen ces on technical and/or vocational training and associated problems. 192 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -I. Introduction to Duclos.- II. A definition of the Maxim in Duclos¿ novels.- III. The Maxims in Histoire de Madame de Luz.- IV. The Maxims in the Confessions du Comte de\*\*\*.- V. The Maxims in M¿ires sur les Moeurs de ce Si¿e.- VI. The Maxims in the novels of Duclos: A conclusion. 168 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -It is difficult for us today to imagine that equal educational opportunity, with which we are so deeply preoccupied, was at one time considered to be if not an evil at least a futile objective, and that those who held such an opinion were completely insincere and even disinterested. For a vertically stratified society equality of education had to be opposed be cause it would disturb an equilibrium as vital as that of a building. In the Middle Ages only the Church was able to look for new members at the bottom of the social ladder, since ecclesiastical office was not inherited by birth. But efforts in this direction were necessarily very limited, even if only because of the material obstacles to such an aim. Equality of education, as well as any other type of equality could not even be imagined by the aristocracy whose very existence would have been threatened. Its initial indifference was followed by active opposition. When it became possible to formulate the question of the diffusion of education, in the 17th and 18th centuries, the principle itself met with a fundamental objection. The ruling class, idle by its very nature, feared that the workers and especially those on the land would abandon their productive labours, now felt to be degrading, and swell the ranks of the parasites in the cities. 164 pp. Englisch.