Computational complexity theory decision (25 résultats)

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. nach der Bestellung gedruckt Neuware - Printed after ordering - Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In complexity theory, the class NC (for 'Nick''s Class') is the set of decision problems decidable in polylogarithmic time on a parallel computer with a polynomial number of processors. In other words, a problem is in NC if there exist constants c and k such that it can be solved in time O(logc n) using O(nk) parallel processors. Stephen Cook coined the name 'Nick''s class' after Nick Pippenger, who had done extensive research on circuits with polylogarithmic depth and polynomial size. Just as the class P can be thought of as the tractable problems, so NC can be thought of as the problems that can be efficiently solved on a parallel computer. NC is a subset of P because polylogarithmic parallel computations can be simulated by polynomial-time sequential ones.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. nach der Bestellung gedruckt Neuware - Printed after ordering - High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In computational complexity theory, the space hierarchy theorems are separation results that show that both deterministic and nondeterministic machines can solve more problems in (asymptotically) more space, subject to certain conditions. For example, a deterministic Turing machine can solve more decision problems in space n log n than in space n. The somewhat weaker analogous theorems for time are the time hierarchy theorems. The foundation for the hierarchy theorems lies in the intuition that with either more time or more space comes the ability to compute more functions (or decide more languages). The hierarchy theorems are used to demonstrate that the time and space complexity classes form a hierarchy where classes with tighter bounds contain fewer languages than those with more relaxed bounds. Here we define and prove the space hierarchy theorem. The space hierarchy theorems rely on the concept of space-constructible functions.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. nach der Bestellung gedruckt Neuware - Printed after ordering - High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In computational complexity theory and computability theory, a search problem is a type of computational problem represented by a binary relation. Intuitively, the problem consists in finding a structure y into an object x. An algorithm is said to solve the problem if it behaves in the following way : if at least one corresponding structure exists, then one occurrence of this structure is outputted; otherwise, the algorithm stops with an appropriate output ('Item not found' or any message of the like). For instance, such problems occurs very frequently in graph theory, where searching graphs for structures such as particular matching, cliques, independent set, etc. are subjects of interest.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. nach der Bestellung gedruckt Neuware - Printed after ordering - Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In complexity theory and computability theory, an oracle machine is an abstract machine used to study decision problems. It can be visualized as a Turing machine with a black box, called an oracle, which is able to decide certain decision problems in a single operation. The problem can be of any complexity class. Even undecidable problems, like the halting problem, can be used.An oracle machine is a Turing machine connected to an oracle. The oracle, in this context, is thought of as an entity capable of answering some collection of questions, and usually represented as some subset A of the natural numbers. Intuitively then, the oracle machine can perform all of the usual operations of a Turing machine, and can also query the oracle for an answer to a specific question of the form 'is x in A ' There are several different definitions of an oracle machine, all of which are equivalent in the sense that they agree on when a specific function f can be computed by an oracle machine with oracle A.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. nach der Bestellung gedruckt Neuware - Printed after ordering - High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In computational complexity theory, NP is one of the most fundamental complexity classes. The abbreviation NP refers to 'nondeterministic polynomial time'. Intuitively, NP is the set of all decision problems for which the 'yes'-answers have simple proofs of the fact that the answer is indeed 'yes'. More precisely, these proofs have to be verifiable in polynomial time by a deterministic Turing machine. In an equivalent formal definition, NP is the set of decision problems solvable in polynomial time by a non-deterministic Turing machine. The complexity class P is contained in NP, but NP contains many important problems, the hardest of which are called NP-complete problems, for which no polynomial-time algorithms are known. The most important open question in complexity theory, the P = NP problem, asks whether such algorithms actually exist for NP-complete, and by corollary, all NP problems. It is widely believed that this is not the case. …

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. nach der Bestellung gedruckt Neuware - Printed after ordering - High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The discipline of combinatorial topology used combinatorial concepts in topology and in the early 20th century this gradually turned into the field of algebraic topology. In 1978 the situation was reversed when methods from algebraic topology were used to solve a problem in combinatorics when László Lovász proved the Kneser conjecture, thus beginning the new study of topological combinatorics. Lovász's proof used the Borsuk-Ulam theorem and this theorem retains a prominent role in this new field. This theorem has many equivalent versions and analogs and has been used in the study of fair division problems. In another application of homological methods to graph theory Lovász proved both the undirected and directed versions of a conjecture of Frank.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. nach der Bestellung gedruckt Neuware - Printed after ordering - High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In computational complexitytheory, an Arthur-Merlin protocol is an interactive proof system inwhich the verifier's coin tosses are constrained to be public (i.e.known to the prover too). This notion was introduced by Babai (1985).Goldwasser & Sipser (1986) proved that all languages withinteractive proofs of arbitrary length with private coins also haveinteractive proofs with public coins.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. nach der Bestellung gedruckt Neuware - Printed after ordering - Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In complexity theory, PP is the class of decision problems solvable by a probabilistic Turing machine in polynomial time, with an error probability of less than 1/2 for all instances. The abbreviation PP refers to probabilistic polynomial time. The complexity class was defined by Gill in 1977.If a decision problem is in PP, then there is an algorithm for it that is allowed to flip coins and make random decisions. It is guaranteed to run in polynomial time. If the answer is YES, the algorithm will answer YES with probability more than 1/2. If the answer is NO, the algorithm will answer YES with probability less than or equal to 1/2. In more practical terms, it is the class of problems that can be solved to any fixed degree of accuracy by running a randomized, polynomial-time algorithm a sufficient (but bounded) number of times.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. nach der Bestellung gedruckt Neuware - Printed after ordering - Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articlesavailable from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In Computationalcomplexity theory, an advice string is an extra input to a Turingmachine which is allowed to depend on the length n of the input, but noton input itself. A decision problem is in the complexity class P/f(n) ifthere is a polynomial time Turing machine M with the following property:for any n, there is an advice string A of length f(n) such that, for anyinput x of length n, the machine M correctly decides the problem on theinput x, given x and A.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. PP (Complexity) | Computational Complexity Theory, Decision Problem, Probabilistic Turing Machine, Chernoff Bound, PostBQP | Philippe Valentin Giffard | Taschenbuch | Englisch | 2026 | OmniScriptum | EAN 9786139345298 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: preigu GmbH & Co. KG, Lengericher Landstr. 19, 49078 Osnabrück, mail[at]preigu[dot]de | Anbieter: preigu Print on Demand. …

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. EXPTIME | EXPTIME, Computational complexity theory, Complexity class, Decision problem, DTIME, P (complexity), NP (complexity), PSPACE, NEXPTIME, EXPSPACE, Time hierarchy theorem, Space hierarchy theorem | Frederic P. Miller (u. a.) | Taschenbuch | Englisch | 2026 | OmniScriptum | EAN 9786130702250 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: preigu GmbH & Co. KG, Lengericher Landstr. 19, 49078 Osnabrück, mail[at]preigu[dot]de | Anbieter: preigu Print on Demand.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Arthur-Merlin protocol | Computational complexity theory, Interactive proof system, Random number generation, Complexity class, Decision problem, Polynomial hierarchy | Frederic P. Miller (u. a.) | Taschenbuch | Englisch | 2026 | OmniScriptum | EAN 9786131866173 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: preigu GmbH & Co. KG, Lengericher Landstr. 19, 49078 Osnabrück, mail[at]preigu[dot]de | Anbieter: preigu Print on Demand.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. NC (complexity) | Decision Problem, Computational Complexity Theory, Polylogarithmic Time, Parallel Computing | Lambert M. Surhone (u. a.) | Taschenbuch | Englisch | 2026 | OmniScriptum | EAN 9786130992835 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: preigu GmbH & Co. KG, Lengericher Landstr. 19, 49078 Osnabrück, mail[at]preigu[dot]de | Anbieter: preigu Print on Demand. …

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. nach der Bestellung gedruckt Neuware - Printed after ordering - Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articlesavailable from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In computabilitytheory and computational complexity theory, a many-one reduction is areduction which converts instances of one decision problem intoinstances of a second decision problem. Reductions are thus used tomeasure the relative computational difficulty of two problems. Many-onereductions are a special case and a stronger form of Turing reductions.With many-one reductions the oracle can be invoked only once at the endand the answer cannot be modified. Many-one reductions were first usedby Emil Post in 1944. Later Norman Shapiro used the same concept in 1956under the name strong reducibility.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. nach der Bestellung gedruckt Neuware - Printed after ordering - Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articlesavailable from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In computationalcomplexity theory, a promise problem is a generalization of a decisionproblem where the input is promised to belong to a subset of allpossible inputs. Unlike decision problems, the yes instances (the inputsfor which an algorithm must return yes) and no instances do not exhaustthe set of all inputs. Intuitively, the algorithm has been promised thatthe input does indeed belong to set of yes instances or no instances.There may be inputs which are neither yes or no. If such an input isgiven to an algorithm for solving a promise problem, the algorithm isallowed to output anything. A decision problem can be associated with alanguage L subseteq {0,1}^\*, where the problem is to accept all inputsin L and reject all inputs not in L.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. nach der Bestellung gedruckt Neuware - Printed after ordering - Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articlesavailable from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In complexitytheory, maximum common subgraph- isomorphism (MCS) is an optimizationproblem that is known to be NP-hard. The associated decision problemi.e., given G1, G2 and an integer k, deciding whether G1 contains asubgraph of at least k edges isomorphic to a subgraph of G2 isNP-complete. One possible solution for this problem is to build amodular product graph, in which the largest clique represents a solutionfor the MCS problem. MCS algorithms have a long tradition incheminformatics and pharmacophore mapping.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Decision Problem | Computability theory, Computational complexity theory, Formal system, Function problem, Optimization problem, Algorithm, Long division, Computational resource | Frederic P. Miller (u. a.) | Taschenbuch | Englisch | 2026 | OmniScriptum | EAN 9786130673659 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: preigu GmbH & Co. KG, Lengericher Landstr. 19, 49078 Osnabrück, mail[at]preigu[dot]de | Anbieter: preigu Print on Demand.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Search Problem | Computational Complexity Theory, Computability Theory, Decision Problem | Lambert M. Surhone (u. a.) | Taschenbuch | Englisch | 2026 | OmniScriptum | EAN 9786131157059 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: preigu GmbH & Co. KG, Lengericher Landstr. 19, 49078 Osnabrück, mail[at]preigu[dot]de | Anbieter: preigu Print on Demand.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Space Hierarchy Theorem | Computational Complexity Theory, Deterministic Turing Machine, Decision Problem, Time Hierarchy Theorem | Lambert M. Surhone (u. a.) | Taschenbuch | Englisch | 2026 | OmniScriptum | EAN 9786131196027 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: preigu GmbH & Co. KG, Lengericher Landstr. 19, 49078 Osnabrück, mail[at]preigu[dot]de | Anbieter: preigu Print on Demand.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Promise Problem | Computational Complexity Theory, Decision Problem, Hamiltonian Graph | Lambert M. Surhone (u. a.) | Taschenbuch | Englisch | 2026 | OmniScriptum | EAN 9786134617307 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: preigu GmbH & Co. KG, Lengericher Landstr. 19, 49078 Osnabrück, mail[at]preigu[dot]de | Anbieter: preigu Print on Demand.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Complexity Class | Computational complexity theory, Computational problem, Abstract machine, Big O notation, NP (complexity), Decision problem, Polynomial time, PSPACE, Turing machine, Function problem, FP (complexity) | Frederic P. Miller (u. a.) | Taschenbuch | Englisch | 2026 | OmniScriptum | EAN 9786130694197 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: preigu GmbH & Co. KG, Lengericher Landstr. 19, 49078 Osnabrück, mail[at]preigu[dot]de | Anbieter: preigu Print on Demand.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. EXPSPACE | EXPSPACE, Computational complexity theory, Set (mathematics), Decision problem, Turing machine, Linear function, Savitch's theorem, NSPACE, DSPACE | Frederic P. Miller (u. a.) | Taschenbuch | Englisch | 2026 | OmniScriptum | EAN 9786130701031 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: preigu GmbH & Co. KG, Lengericher Landstr. 19, 49078 Osnabrück, mail[at]preigu[dot]de | Anbieter: preigu Print on Demand.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Oracle Machine | Computational Complexity Theory, Computability Theory, Abstract Machine, Decision Problem, Turing Machine, Oracle | Lambert M. Surhone (u. a.) | Taschenbuch | Englisch | 2026 | OmniScriptum | EAN 9786131310041 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: preigu GmbH & Co. KG, Lengericher Landstr. 19, 49078 Osnabrück, mail[at]preigu[dot]de | Anbieter: preigu Print on Demand.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Topological Combinatorics | Combinatorial Topology, Topology, Algebraic Topology, Kneser Graph, Borsuk-Ulam Theorem, Computational Complexity Theory, Decision Tree | Lambert M. Surhone (u. a.) | Taschenbuch | Englisch | 2026 | OmniScriptum | EAN 9786130331900 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: preigu GmbH & Co. KG, Lengericher Landstr. 19, 49078 Osnabrück, mail[at]preigu[dot]de | Anbieter: preigu Print on Demand.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. NP (Complexity) | Computational Complexity Theory, Complexity Class, Polynomial, Turing Machine, Decision Problem, Algorithm, P versus NP Problem, Subset Sum Problem | Lambert M. Surhone (u. a.) | Taschenbuch | Englisch | 2026 | OmniScriptum | EAN 9786130333348 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: preigu GmbH & Co. KG, Lengericher Landstr. 19, 49078 Osnabrück, mail[at]preigu[dot]de | Anbieter: preigu Print on Demand.…