Principles paint formulation (29 résultats)

hardcover. Etat : very good. Etat de la jaquette : very good. second edition. 6 5/8 x 9 5/8" 278 pages plus ads. ex library. dj spine label inked out, stamped on top edge of pages & title page. pocket on last page. This is the second edition. old tape marks on inside front and rear covers & first and last pages. dj now in mylar protector.…

Paperback. Etat : New.

Etat : Very Good.

Etat : New.

Etat : New. In English.

Etat : New. pp. 282.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - 1 Getting the basics right.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Availability of raw material data.- 1.3 Clarifying the objective.- 1.4 Identifying formulating constraints.- 1.5 Use of standard formulation format.- 1.5.1 Costing laboratory formulations.- 1.5.2 Manufacturing formulations.- 1.6 Use of test schedules.- 1.7 Understanding the costing system.- 1.7.1 Raw material costs.- 1.7.2 Manufacturing costs.- 1.7.3 Container and filling costs.- 1.8 Know the competition.- 2 Establishing a structured development programme.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Raw material substitution.- 2.3 Cost reduction.- 2.4 Product improvement.- 2.5 Matching the competition.- 2.6 New products.- 2.6.1 Project 1.- 2.6.2 Project 2.- 2.7 New classes of raw material.- 2.8 New technology.- 3 Raw materials.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Resins.- 3.2.1 General.- 3.2.2 Types of resins available.- 3.2.3 Selection of resins.- 3.3 Pigments.- 3.3.1 General.- 3.3.2 White pigments (titanium dioxide).- 3.3.3 Coloured pigments.- 3.3.4 Extenders.- 3.3.5 Corrosion inhibiting pigments.- 3.4 Solvents, thinners and diluents.- 3.4.1 General.- 3.4.2 Solvents in air dry finishes.- 3.4.3 Solvents in cross-linked and stoving finishes.- 3.4.4 Solvents in aqueous finishes.- 3.5 Rheology modifiers.- 3.5.1 General.- 3.5.2 Solvent-thinned products.- 3.5.3 Water-thinned products.- 3.6 Additives.- 3.6.1 General.- 3.6.2 Dispersing/wetting agents.- 3.6.3 Driers.- 3.6.4 Preservatives/biocides.- 3.6.5 Insecticides.- 3.6.6 Can corrosion inhibitors.- 3.6.7 Flash rust inhibitors.- 3.6.8 UV absorbers.- 3.6.9 Reodorants.- 3.6.10 Anti-skin.- 3.6.11 Anti-flood/float.- 3.6.12 Anti-foam.- 3.6.13 Anti-gassing.- 3.6.14 Anti-static.- 3.6.15 Anti-freeze.- 4 Volume relationships.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 The CPVC concept.- 4.3 Establishing the CPVC.- 4.3.1 The CPVC cell method.- 4.3.2 The oil absorption method.- 4.3.3 Effect of latex vehicles on CPVC.- 4.3.4 Other means for CPVC determination.- 4.4 The relationship of PVC to CPVC.- 4.5 The porosity concept.- 4.5.1 Effect of porosity on hiding power.- 4.6 Use in formulation.- 4.6.1 Spacing extenders.- 4.6.2 Modifying a standard product.- 4.6.3 Latex paints.- 4.6.4 Flat latex paints.- 4.6.5 Effect of relative BPI.- 4.6.6 Matching a competitive sample.- 4.7 Summary.- References.- 5 Dry hiding¿an alternative to titanium dioxide.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Available technologies.- 5.3 Relevance of packing considerations.- 5.4 Pittment.- 5.5 Spindrift.- 5.6 Plastic pigment.- 5.7 Opaque polymer.- 6 Computer techniques.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Computerised process control.- 6.3 Colour matching.- 6.4 Formulation and costing programmes.- 6.4.1 Raw material file.- 6.4.2 Formulation file.- 6.4.3 Calculation file.- 6.4.4 Reformulation programmes.- 6.5 Experimental designs.- 6.5.1 Randomisation.- 6.5.2 Randomised block.- 6.5.3 Latin square.- 6.5.4 Factorial experiments.- 6.5.5 Fractional factorial design.- 6.5.6 Box ¿ Behnken.- 6.6 Experimental design with mixtures.- 6.6.1 Three component mixture design.- 6.6.2 Four component mixture design.- 6.6.3 Simplex mixture screening design.- 6.7 Theoretical approach to formulation.- References.- 7 Design for bulk manufacture.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.1.1 The basic problem.- 7.1.2 Conditions for dispersion.- 7.1.3 Particulate solids.- 7.1.4 The continuous phase.- 7.2 Stages of bulk manufacture.- 7.2.1 Introduction.- 7.2.2 Stable base formulation.- 7.2.3 Initial dispersion formulation.- 7.2.4 Let-down stages.- 7.2.5 Completion.- 7.3 Types of dispersion equipment.- 7.3.1 Introduction.- 7.3.2 Ball mills.- 7.3.3 Attritors.- 7.3.4 Batch bead mills.- 7.3.5 High shear stress mixers.- 7.3.6 Low shear stress mixers.- 7.3.7 Other types of mixers.- 7.3.8 Continuous mills.- 7.3.9 Sand mills.- 7.4 Formulating for optimum wetting and dispersion.- 7.4.1 Introduction.- 7.4.2 Ball mills.- 7.4.3 Attritors.- 7.4.4 Batch bead mills.- 7.4.5 High shear stress mixers.- 7.4.6 Low shear stress mixers.- 7.4.7 Other high speed mixers.- 7.4.8 Continuous mills.- 7.5 Choice of equipment.- 7.5.1 Introduction.- 7.5.2 Emulsion paints.- 7.5.3 Alkyd gloss.- 7.5.4 Stoving enamels.- 7.5.5 High viscosity types.- 7.5.6 Speciality types.- 8 Selection of test methods.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.1.1 Sources of variability.- 8.1.2 Towards greater realism.- 8.1.3 Choice of method.- 8.2 Properties in the can.- 8.2.1 Viscosity characteristics.- 8.2.2 Storage stability.- 8.2.3 Degree of dispersion.- 8.3 Application characteristics.- 8.3.1 Decorative finishes.- 8.3.2 Industrial finishes.- 8.4 Film formation under application conditions.- 8.4.1 Air dry solvent bourne coatings.- 8.4.2 Air dry latex coatings.- 8.4.3 Cross-linking products.- 8.5 Film properties.- 8.5.1 Film appearance.- 8.5.2 Physical properties.- 8.5.3 Chemical properties.- 8.5.4 Durability testing.- Appendices.- Appendix I Paint calculations.- Appendix II Units for the paint formulator.- Appendix III International test methods.- Appendix IV Health and safety legislation.…

Etat : Brand New. New. US edition. Expediting shipping for all USA and Europe orders excluding PO Box. Excellent Customer Service.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Principles of Paint Formulation | R. Woodbridge | Taschenbuch | xii | Englisch | 2012 | Springer | EAN 9781461366324 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg, juergen[dot]hartmann[at]springer[dot]com | Anbieter: preigu.

Hardcover. Etat : Fair. Ex-library (has been stamped). Yellowed pages and creased dust jacket.

Paperback. Etat : Like New. LIKE NEW. SHIPS FROM MULTIPLE LOCATIONS. book.

Etat : Used.

Buch. Etat : Neu. Neuware - 1 Getting the basics right.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Availability of raw material data.- 1.3 Clarifying the objective.- 1.4 Identifying formulating constraints.- 1.5 Use of standard formulation format.- 1.5.1 Costing laboratory formulations.- 1.5.2 Manufacturing formulations.- 1.6 Use of test schedules.- 1.7 Understanding the costing system.- 1.7.1 Raw material costs.- 1.7.2 Manufacturing costs.- 1.7.3 Container and filling costs.- 1.8 Know the competition.- 2 Establishing a structured development programme.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Raw material substitution.- 2.3 Cost reduction.- 2.4 Product improvement.- 2.5 Matching the competition.- 2.6 New products.- 2.6.1 Project 1.- 2.6.2 Project 2.- 2.7 New classes of raw material.- 2.8 New technology.- 3 Raw materials.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Resins.- 3.2.1 General.- 3.2.2 Types of resins available.- 3.2.3 Selection of resins.- 3.3 Pigments.- 3.3.1 General.- 3.3.2 White pigments (titanium dioxide).- 3.3.3 Coloured pigments.- 3.3.4 Extenders.- 3.3.5 Corrosion inhibiting pigments.- 3.4 Solvents, thinners and diluents.- 3.4.1 General.- 3.4.2 Solvents in air dry finishes.- 3.4.3 Solvents in cross-linked and stoving finishes.- 3.4.4 Solvents in aqueous finishes.- 3.5 Rheology modifiers.- 3.5.1 General.- 3.5.2 Solvent-thinned products.- 3.5.3 Water-thinned products.- 3.6 Additives.- 3.6.1 General.- 3.6.2 Dispersing/wetting agents.- 3.6.3 Driers.- 3.6.4 Preservatives/biocides.- 3.6.5 Insecticides.- 3.6.6 Can corrosion inhibitors.- 3.6.7 Flash rust inhibitors.- 3.6.8 UV absorbers.- 3.6.9 Reodorants.- 3.6.10 Anti-skin.- 3.6.11 Anti-flood/float.- 3.6.12 Anti-foam.- 3.6.13 Anti-gassing.- 3.6.14 Anti-static.- 3.6.15 Anti-freeze.- 4 Volume relationships.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 The CPVC concept.- 4.3 Establishing the CPVC.- 4.3.1 The CPVC cell method.- 4.3.2 The oil absorption method.- 4.3.3 Effect of latex vehicles on CPVC.- 4.3.4 Other means for CPVC determination.- 4.4 The relationship of PVC to CPVC.- 4.5 The porosity concept.- 4.5.1 Effect of porosity on hiding power.- 4.6 Use in formulation.- 4.6.1 Spacing extenders.- 4.6.2 Modifying a standard product.- 4.6.3 Latex paints.- 4.6.4 Flat latex paints.- 4.6.5 Effect of relative BPI.- 4.6.6 Matching a competitive sample.- 4.7 Summary.- References.- 5 Dry hiding-an alternative to titanium dioxide.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Available technologies.- 5.3 Relevance of packing considerations.- 5.4 Pittment.- 5.5 Spindrift.- 5.6 Plastic pigment.- 5.7 Opaque polymer.- 6 Computer techniques.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Computerised process control.- 6.3 Colour matching.- 6.4 Formulation and costing programmes.- 6.4.1 Raw material file.- 6.4.2 Formulation file.- 6.4.3 Calculation file.- 6.4.4 Reformulation programmes.- 6.5 Experimental designs.- 6.5.1 Randomisation.- 6.5.2 Randomised block.- 6.5.3 Latin square.- 6.5.4 Factorial experiments.- 6.5.5 Fractional factorial design.- 6.5.6 Box - Behnken.- 6.6 Experimental design with mixtures.- 6.6.1 Three component mixture design.- 6.6.2 Four component mixture design.- 6.6.3 Simplex mixture screening design.- 6.7 Theoretical approach to formulation.- References.- 7 Design for bulk manufacture.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.1.1 The basic problem.- 7.1.2 Conditions for dispersion.- 7.1.3 Particulate solids.- 7.1.4 The continuous phase.- 7.2 Stages of bulk manufacture.- 7.2.1 Introduction.- 7.2.2 Stable base formulation.- 7.2.3 Initial dispersion formulation.- 7.2.4 Let-down stages.- 7.2.5 Completion.- 7.3 Types of dispersion equipment.- 7.3.1 Introduction.- 7.3.2 Ball mills.- 7.3.3 Attritors.- 7.3.4 Batch bead mills.- 7.3.5 High shear stress mixers.- 7.3.6 Low shear stress mixers.- 7.3.7 Other types of mixers.- 7.3.8 Continuous mills.- 7.3.9 Sand mills.- 7.4 Formulating for optimum wetting and dispersion.- 7.4.1 Introduction.- 7.4.2 Ball mills.- 7.4.3 Attritors.- 7.4.4 Batch bead mills.- 7.4.5 High shear stress mixers.- 7.4.6 Low shear stress mixers.- 7.4.7 Other high speed mixers.- 7.4.8 Continuous mills.- 7.5 Choice of equi.…

Etat : Used.

Etat : Used.

Hardcover. Etat : Like New. LIKE NEW. SHIPS FROM MULTIPLE LOCATIONS. book.

Etat : New. Satisfaction Guaranteed or your money back.

Hardcover. Etat : Good. ] Hardback, octavo, blue cloth covers, black spine titling, pp xv + 197 + 18 pages of ads at the rear, decent ex-corporate library, G+/no dj. Tight binding, hinges intact, exterior quite nice. Front endpapers light pocket and slip remnants + small "Discarded" stamp on front pastedown + UNIVAC Technical Library stamp on all 4 endpapers & title page o/w very clean throughout interior. Numerous graphs, drawings, b&w photos. References each chapter + Name Index & Subject Index. RWR5 Science Technology Technical Trades Chemistry Physics Chemical Engineering Automotive Metal Finishes Coatings Electrocoating Electrodeposition Solvents.…

paperback. Etat : New. Language:Chinese.Paperback. Publisher: Chemical Industry Press Pub. Date: 2011 - 04-01. practical series of fine chemicals: Preparation of Principles of paint formulation process outlined the basics of paint. highlighting the 253 cases of general and specialty coating formulations. detailed description of each case was related to the composition formula of raw materials functions and suppliers. paint preparation. applications and construction techniques. formulas and detailed. reliable. pract.…

Etat : New. This is a Brand-new US Edition. This Item may be shipped from US or any other country as we have multiple locations worldwide.

paperback. Etat : Good. exlibrary book rebound to a hardcover, usual library markings and stickers, light wear to cover and pages.

ed. hardback very good condition a like dust jacket with a bit of wear - shipping via USPS.

Etat : new. Questo è un articolo print on demand.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -1 Getting the basics right.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Availability of raw material data.- 1.3 Clarifying the objective.- 1.4 Identifying formulating constraints.- 1.5 Use of standard formulation format.- 1.5.1 Costing laboratory formulations.- 1.5.2 Manufacturing formulations.- 1.6 Use of test schedules.- 1.7 Understanding the costing system.- 1.7.1 Raw material costs.- 1.7.2 Manufacturing costs.- 1.7.3 Container and filling costs.- 1.8 Know the competition.- 2 Establishing a structured development programme.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Raw material substitution.- 2.3 Cost reduction.- 2.4 Product improvement.- 2.5 Matching the competition.- 2.6 New products.- 2.6.1 Project 1.- 2.6.2 Project 2.- 2.7 New classes of raw material.- 2.8 New technology.- 3 Raw materials.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Resins.- 3.2.1 General.- 3.2.2 Types of resins available.- 3.2.3 Selection of resins.- 3.3 Pigments.- 3.3.1 General.- 3.3.2 White pigments (titanium dioxide).- 3.3.3 Coloured pigments.- 3.3.4 Extenders.- 3.3.5 Corrosion inhibiting pigments.- 3.4 Solvents, thinners and diluents.- 3.4.1 General.- 3.4.2 Solvents in air dry finishes.- 3.4.3 Solvents in cross-linked and stoving finishes.- 3.4.4 Solvents in aqueous finishes.- 3.5 Rheology modifiers.- 3.5.1 General.- 3.5.2 Solvent-thinned products.- 3.5.3 Water-thinned products.- 3.6 Additives.- 3.6.1 General.- 3.6.2 Dispersing/wetting agents.- 3.6.3 Driers.- 3.6.4 Preservatives/biocides.- 3.6.5 Insecticides.- 3.6.6 Can corrosion inhibitors.- 3.6.7 Flash rust inhibitors.- 3.6.8 UV absorbers.- 3.6.9 Reodorants.- 3.6.10 Anti-skin.- 3.6.11 Anti-flood/float.- 3.6.12 Anti-foam.- 3.6.13 Anti-gassing.- 3.6.14 Anti-static.- 3.6.15 Anti-freeze.- 4 Volume relationships.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 The CPVC concept.- 4.3 Establishing the CPVC.- 4.3.1 The CPVC cell method.- 4.3.2 The oil absorption method.- 4.3.3 Effect of latex vehicles on CPVC.- 4.3.4 Other means for CPVC determination.- 4.4 The relationship of PVC to CPVC.- 4.5 The porosity concept.- 4.5.1 Effect of porosity on hiding power.- 4.6 Use in formulation.- 4.6.1 Spacing extenders.- 4.6.2 Modifying a standard product.- 4.6.3 Latex paints.- 4.6.4 Flat latex paints.- 4.6.5 Effect of relative BPI.- 4.6.6 Matching a competitive sample.- 4.7 Summary.- References.- 5 Dry hiding¿an alternative to titanium dioxide.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Available technologies.- 5.3 Relevance of packing considerations.- 5.4 Pittment.- 5.5 Spindrift.- 5.6 Plastic pigment.- 5.7 Opaque polymer.- 6 Computer techniques.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Computerised process control.- 6.3 Colour matching.- 6.4 Formulation and costing programmes.- 6.4.1 Raw material file.- 6.4.2 Formulation file.- 6.4.3 Calculation file.- 6.4.4 Reformulation programmes.- 6.5 Experimental designs.- 6.5.1 Randomisation.- 6.5.2 Randomised block.- 6.5.3 Latin square.- 6.5.4 Factorial experiments.- 6.5.5 Fractional factorial design.- 6.5.6 Box ¿ Behnken.- 6.6 Experimental design with mixtures.- 6.6.1 Three component mixture design.- 6.6.2 Four component mixture design.- 6.6.3 Simplex mixture screening design.- 6.7 Theoretical approach to formulation.- References.- 7 Design for bulk manufacture.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.1.1 The basic problem.- 7.1.2 Conditions for dispersion.- 7.1.3 Particulate solids.- 7.1.4 The continuous phase.- 7.2 Stages of bulk manufacture.- 7.2.1 Introduction.- 7.2.2 Stable base formulation.- 7.2.3 Initial dispersion formulation.- 7.2.4 Let-down stages.- 7.2.5 Completion.- 7.3 Types of dispersion equipment.- 7.3.1 Introduction.- 7.3.2 Ball mills.- 7.3.3 Attritors.- 7.3.4 Batch bead mills.- 7.3.5 High shear stress mixers.- 7.3.6 Low shear stress mixers.- 7.3.7 Other types of mixers.- 7.3.8 Continuous mills.- 7.3.9 Sand mills.- 7.4 Formulating for optimum wetting and dispersion.- 7.4.1 Introduction.- 7.4.2 Ball mills.- 7.4.3 Attritors.- 7.4.4 Batch bead mills.- 7.4.5 High shear stress mixers.- 7.4.6 Low shear stress mixers.- 7.4.7 Other high speed mixers.- 7.4.8 Continuous mills.- 7.5 Choice of equipment.- 7.5.1 Introduction.- 7.5.2 Emulsion paints.- 7.5.3 Alkyd gloss.- 7.5.4 Stoving enamels.- 7.5.5 High viscosity types.- 7.5.6 Speciality types.- 8 Selection of test methods.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.1.1 Sources of variability.- 8.1.2 Towards greater realism.- 8.1.3 Choice of method.- 8.2 Properties in the can.- 8.2.1 Viscosity characteristics.- 8.2.2 Storage stability.- 8.2.3 Degree of dispersion.- 8.3 Application characteristics.- 8.3.1 Decorative finishes.- 8.3.2 Industrial finishes.- 8.4 Film formation under application conditions.- 8.4.1 Air dry solvent bourne coatings.- 8.4.2 Air dry latex coatings.- 8.4.3 Cross-linking products.- 8.5 Film properties.- 8.5.1 Film appearance.- 8.5.2 Physical properties.- 8.5.3 Chemical properties.- 8.5.4 Durability testing.- Appendices.- Appendix I Paint calculations.- Appendix II Units for the paint formulator.- Appendix III International test methods.- Appendix IV Health and safety legislation. 280 pp. Englisch. …

Paperback / softback. Etat : New. This item is printed on demand. New copy - Usually dispatched within 5-9 working days.

Etat : New. Print on Demand pp. 282 23:B&W 6 x 9 in or 229 x 152 mm Perfect Bound on White w/Gloss Lam.

Etat : New. Dieser Artikel ist ein Print on Demand Artikel und wird nach Ihrer Bestellung fuer Sie gedruckt. 1 Getting the basics right.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Availability of raw material data.- 1.3 Clarifying the objective.- 1.4 Identifying formulating constraints.- 1.5 Use of standard formulation format.- 1.5.1 Costing laboratory formulations.- 1.5.2 Manufactu.…

Etat : New. PRINT ON DEMAND pp. 282.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -1 Getting the basics right.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Availability of raw material data.- 1.3 Clarifying the objective.- 1.4 Identifying formulating constraints.- 1.5 Use of standard formulation format.- 1.5.1 Costing laboratory formulations.- 1.5.2 Manufacturing formulations.- 1.6 Use of test schedules.- 1.7 Understanding the costing system.- 1.7.1 Raw material costs.- 1.7.2 Manufacturing costs.- 1.7.3 Container and filling costs.- 1.8 Know the competition.- 2 Establishing a structured development programme.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Raw material substitution.- 2.3 Cost reduction.- 2.4 Product improvement.- 2.5 Matching the competition.- 2.6 New products.- 2.6.1 Project 1.- 2.6.2 Project 2.- 2.7 New classes of raw material.- 2.8 New technology.- 3 Raw materials.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Resins.- 3.2.1 General.- 3.2.2 Types of resins available.- 3.2.3 Selection of resins.- 3.3 Pigments.- 3.3.1 General.- 3.3.2 White pigments (titanium dioxide).- 3.3.3 Coloured pigments.- 3.3.4 Extenders.- 3.3.5 Corrosion inhibiting pigments.- 3.4 Solvents, thinners and diluents.- 3.4.1 General.- 3.4.2 Solvents in air dry finishes.- 3.4.3 Solvents in cross-linked and stoving finishes.- 3.4.4 Solvents in aqueous finishes.- 3.5 Rheology modifiers.- 3.5.1 General.- 3.5.2 Solvent-thinned products.- 3.5.3 Water-thinned products.- 3.6 Additives.- 3.6.1 General.- 3.6.2 Dispersing/wetting agents.- 3.6.3 Driers.- 3.6.4 Preservatives/biocides.- 3.6.5 Insecticides.- 3.6.6 Can corrosion inhibitors.- 3.6.7 Flash rust inhibitors.- 3.6.8 UV absorbers.- 3.6.9 Reodorants.- 3.6.10 Anti-skin.- 3.6.11 Anti-flood/float.- 3.6.12 Anti-foam.- 3.6.13 Anti-gassing.- 3.6.14 Anti-static.- 3.6.15 Anti-freeze.- 4 Volume relationships.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 The CPVC concept.- 4.3 Establishing the CPVC.- 4.3.1 The CPVC cell method.- 4.3.2 The oil absorption method.- 4.3.3 Effect of latex vehicles on CPVC.- 4.3.4 Other means for CPVC determination.- 4.4 The relationship of PVC to CPVC.- 4.5 The porosity concept.- 4.5.1 Effect of porosity on hiding power.- 4.6 Use in formulation.- 4.6.1 Spacing extenders.- 4.6.2 Modifying a standard product.- 4.6.3 Latex paints.- 4.6.4 Flat latex paints.- 4.6.5 Effect of relative BPI.- 4.6.6 Matching a competitive sample.- 4.7 Summary.- References.- 5 Dry hiding¿an alternative to titanium dioxide.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Available technologies.- 5.3 Relevance of packing considerations.- 5.4 Pittment.- 5.5 Spindrift.- 5.6 Plastic pigment.- 5.7 Opaque polymer.- 6 Computer techniques.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Computerised process control.- 6.3 Colour matching.- 6.4 Formulation and costing programmes.- 6.4.1 Raw material file.- 6.4.2 Formulation file.- 6.4.3 Calculation file.- 6.4.4 Reformulation programmes.- 6.5 Experimental designs.- 6.5.1 Randomisation.- 6.5.2 Randomised block.- 6.5.3 Latin square.- 6.5.4 Factorial experiments.- 6.5.5 Fractional factorial design.- 6.5.6 Box ¿ Behnken.- 6.6 Experimental design with mixtures.- 6.6.1 Three component mixture design.- 6.6.2 Four component mixture design.- 6.6.3 Simplex mixture screening design.- 6.7 Theoretical approach to formulation.- References.- 7 Design for bulk manufacture.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.1.1 The basic problem.- 7.1.2 Conditions for dispersion.- 7.1.3 Particulate solids.- 7.1.4 The continuous phase.- 7.2 Stages of bulk manufacture.- 7.2.1 Introduction.- 7.2.2 Stable base formulation.- 7.2.3 Initial dispersion formulation.- 7.2.4 Let-down stages.- 7.2.5 Completion.- 7.3 Types of dispersion equipment.- 7.3.1 Introduction.- 7.3.2 Ball mills.- 7.3.3 Attritors.- 7.3.4 Batch bead mills.- 7.3.5 High shear stress mixers.- 7.3.6 Low shear stress mixers.- 7.3.7 Other types of mixers.- 7.3.8 Continuous mills.- 7.3.9 Sand mills.- 7.4 Formulating for optimum wetting and dispersion.- 7.4.1 Introduction.- 7.4.2 Ball mills.- 7.4.3 Attritors.- 7.4.4 Batch bead mills.- 7.4.5 High shear stress mixers.- 7.4.6 Low shear stress mixers.- 7.4.7 Other h.…