quantum postulate recent development atomic de bohr niels (4 résultats)

Hardcover. Etat : Very Good. Bohr, Niels. "The Quantum Postulate and the Recent Development of Atomic Theory" in "Nature", Macmillan & Co, London, 1928, vol. 121, pp. 580-590, offered in the full volume of 1044, lxiipp, covering January-June, complete. Bound in a very sturdy cloth. Very nice, clean copy. VG  "Complementarity was not an arbitrary creation of Bohr s mind, but the precise expression, won after patient efforts demanding a tremendous concentration, of a state of affairs entirely grounded in nature s laws, one that, according to Bohr s familiar exhortation, had to be learned only from nature. It consecrated the recognition of a statistical from of causality as the only possible link between phenomena presenting quantal individuality, but made it plain that the statistical mode of description of quantum mechanics was perfectly adapted to these phenomena and gave an exhaustive account of all their observable aspects. From the epistemological point of view, the discovery of the new type of logical relationship that complementarity represents is a major advance that radically changes our whole view of the role and meaning of science. In contrast with the nineteenth-century ideal of a description of the phenomena from which every reference to their observation would be eliminated, we now have the much wider and truer prospect of an account of the phenomena in which due regard is paid to the conditions under which they can actually be observed thereby securing the full objectivity of the description, since the description is based on purely physical operations intelligible and verifiable by all observers. The role of the classical concepts in this description is obviously essential, since those concepts are the only ones adapted to our capabilities of observation and unambiguous communication."--Complete DSB online. [++] Also appearing in this volume are three Nobel Prize-producing papers by Raman (with K. S. Krishnan), on pp 501-2; "A Change of Wave-length in Light Scattering" on p. 619; and with Krishnan again, "The Optical Analogue of the Compton Effect", p. 711. ("Raman and K. S. Krishnan then undertook to isolate the effect under impeccable experimental conditions. They employed complementary light filters placed in the paths of the incident and scattered light, respectively, and observed a new type of secondary radiation from the scattering of focused beams of sunlight in both carefully purified liquid and dust-free air. They reported this discovery in a letter to Nature in February 1928. Raman then refined the experiment by using a mercury arc as the source of light; the effect was thus clearly seen for the first time on 28 February 1928 and was reported to the Science Congress at Bangalore the following month."--Complete DSB online.

Soft cover. Etat : Good. 1st Edition. First edition, journal issue in original wrappers, of this fundamental paper introducing Bohr's statement of his complementarity principle, the basis of what became known as the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. "From the epistemological point of view, the discovery of the new type of logical relationship that complementarity represents is a major advance that radically changes our whole view of the role and meaning of science. In contrast with the nineteenth-century ideal of a description of the phenomena from which every reference to their observation would be eliminated, we have the much wider and truer prospect of an account of the phenomena in which due regard is paid to the conditions under which they can actually be observed - thereby securing the full objectivity of the description" (DSB). The concept of complementarity started to develop in Bohr's mind during discussions with Heisenberg in Copenhagen early in 1927, when Heisenberg was preparing for publication his famous paper on the uncertainty principle. In fact, the published version of Heisenberg's paper contains a note added in proof which mentions 'recent investigations by Bohr [that] have led to points of view that permit an essential deepening and refinement of the analysis of the quantum mechanical relationship attempted in this work'. "Bohr presented his ideas on complementarity for the first time at an international congress of physics in Como in the fall of 1927, commemorating the centenary of Volta's death. On this occasion, he stressed that in the quantum world, contrary to the classical world, an observation of a system can never be made without disturbing the system. But how can we then know the state of the system? The quantum postulate would seem to imply that the classical distinction between the observer and the observed was no longer tenable. How then would it be possible to obtain objective knowledge? Bohr's reflections on these and related questions led him to introduce the notion of complementarity as denoting the use of complementary but mutually exclusive viewpoints in the description of nature. Two years later, he defined the complementarity principle as 'a new mode of description . . . in the sense that any given application of classical concepts precludes the simultaneous use of other classical concepts which in a different connection are equally necessary for the elucidation of phenomena' . . . The wave description and the particle description are complementary and thus in conflict. But Bohr argued that the physicist is still able to account unambiguously for his experiments, for it is he who chooses what to measure and thereby destroys the possibility of the realization of the conflicting aspect . . . The complementarity principle became the cornerstone of what was later referred to as the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. Pauli even stated that quantum mechanics might be called 'complementarity theory', in an analogy with 'relativity theory'. And Peierls later claimed that when you refer to the Copenhagen interpretation of the mechanics what you really mean is quantum mechanics . . . by the mid-1930s Bohr had been remarkably successful in establishing the Copenhagen view as the dominant philosophy of quantum mechanics" (Kragh, Quantum Generation (1999), pp. 209-210). This paper was published essentially simultaneously in English and German, and somewhat later in Danish and French. Large 8vo, pp. cxiii-cxvi, 561-578, iv, 579-590, v-viii, 591-608, cxvii-cxx. Original printed wrappers (light vertical crease, one advertisement leaf (vii/viii) with an advertisement cut out).

Hardcover. Etat : Very Good. . Nobel Laureate .In :Nature, Volume 121, pages 580-590, 1928. [Bohrs famous Complimentarity lecture]. London: Macmillan, 1928. Very Good+ entire Volume 121 of Nature, January - June 1928 from the Royal Geographical Society Library with its bookplate on the front paste down. Library notice rear paste down. No library pocket. Green buckram binding gilt lettering spine. Cover, spine edge wear. 4to. lxii, 1044 pp.Hardcover. Very Good+.First publication in English of Bohrs famous complementarity lecture on the state of quantum mechanics presented at the Volta Conference at Lake Como, Italy (1927). At the time Heisenbergs matrix (particle) mechanics and Shrödingers wave mechanics were competing to be the accepted view of quantum theory. Triggered by discussions with Heisenberg over Heisenbergs uncertainty principle paper, Bohr formulated hiscomplementarity principle, that both sides were right and matter has both wave and particle properties. Though Heisenberg formulated his uncertainty principle from a particle point of view, the same relationship holds as groups of waves travel. In this paper Bohr uses it as the key example of complementarity and argues that both approaches allow equally valid calculations of quantum behavior. (See Kragh, Quantum Generations, pp 206-210; DSB, pp 249-250.) Niels Bohr (1885-1962) was awarded the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics for His services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them. //// DW ////Ask for pictures. //// DW ////Ask for pictures.

London, Macmillan and Co., 1928. Royal8vo. In recent full blue cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Extracted from "Nature", January - June, 1928, Vol. 121. Entire April 14-issue offered. Fine and clean. [Bohr:] Pp. 580-90. [Entire issue:] Pp. 561-608. First edition of Bohr's exceedingly influential statement of his 'complementarity' principle, the basis of what became known as the 'Copenhagen interpretation' of quantum mechanics. In the paper he coined the term 'complementarity' and thereby created an entire new fundamental principle of quantum mechanics."Immediately after Heisenberg's work on uncertainty relations, Bohr presented his concept of complementarity at a conference a Lake Como in Italy. Bohr's lecture marked the first attempt to provide a genuine philosophical underpinning to the new advances in physics. The uncertainty relations had provided Bohr a concrete measure of the consequences of the wave-particle duality and thereby a physics-based justification for the ideas he was working on. Bohr had already embraced the wave-particle duality underlying quantum theory and he presented the concept of complementarity as the fundamental feature of a new conceptual framework broad enough to include it" (Paul McEvoy, Niels Bohr). "For Bohr, complementarity was an almost religious belief that the paradoxes of the quantum world must be accepted as fundamental, not to be 'solved' or trivialized by attempts to find out 'what's really going on down there.' Bohr used the word in an unusual way: the 'complementarity' of waves and particles, for example (or of position and momentum), meant that when one existed fully, its complement did not exist at all" (Louisa Gilder, The Age of Entanglement). "The lecture was published in Nature in 1928 in a revised form It sparked significant debate in the years that followed and solidified the boundaries between those who accepted Bohr's view of the consequences of quantum theory and those who were seeking a more 'realistic' microscopic theory or a more realistic interpretation of quantum theory itself" (McEvoy, P. 70).The paper was published almost simultaneously in English, Danish, English, French and German, the present English publication being the first.