Springer us jun 2012 (207 résultats)

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware - This volume is one outcome of a two-year study conducted by the Behavioral Studies Research Group of The Hastings 1 Center. It is divided into three parts to reflect the several facets of the interdisciplinary project from which it stems. In the opening chapter Willard Gaylin and Ruth Macklin, who di rected the study, describe its basic conception and structure, which centered around three programs to conduct research into aspects of violence and aggressive behavior, programs aborted in the early 1970s because they were politically and IThis project was supported by the EVIST Program of the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 05577-17072, and by a joint award by the National Endowment for the Humanities. Any opinions, findings, conclu sions, or recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the National Endowment for the Humanities. Other published outcomes are the edited transcripts of two of the case-study workshops conducted under this project: 'Researching Violence: Science, Politics, and Public Contro versy,' Special Supplement, The Hastings Center Report 9 (April 1979); and 'The XYY Controversy: Researching Violence and Genetics,' Special Sup plement, The Hastings Center Report 10 (August 1980). Copies of these tran scripts are available for purchase from The Hastings Center, 360 Broadway, Hastings-on-Hudson, NY 10706. ix PREFACE x socially controversial.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. Neuware - This volume is the second in 'The Downstate Series of Research in Psychiatry.' It is aseries devoted to the presentation of sig nificant research with relevance for both clinicians and researchers in the multiple subfields of psychiatry. This book focuses on the interactions between psychic phenomena and physical processes as studied by evoked brain potentials. It presents material concerned with physiological and psychological unifying processes, as weIl as research concerning technology and methods of obtaining meaningful measurements. As such it is representative of biological psychiatry at its best. Thus, it represents another step in new directions in psychiatric research but not an unanticipated direction. Scientific investigation into the human psyche took an unex pected turn when Sigmund Freud in the last part of the 19th Century turned his attention from neurological concerns to those of psychol ogy. His first attempts at explanations as noted in the 'project,' included a heavy emphasis on the biological substrate of behavior.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Annotated Bibliography.- List of Bibliographies.- Author Index. 188 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -It is unclear, and really no longer relevant, whether the information explosion that we now contend with has been fostered by the growth of specialization and subspecialization in medicine, or vice versa. What is clear is that the two are mutually supportive and constitute what would be in endocrine parlance a short-loop positive feedback system. As a result, for most areas of medicine, even the subspecialist in that area has a problem in maintaining currency, the more general specialist has substan tial difficulty in doing so, and the generalist is tempted to abandon the effort altogether. Nevertheless, for all, both the internal pressures of conscience and self-esteem and the external pressures generated by peer review, recertifi cation, and subspecialty boards create the need for continuous self-educa tion. We are, therefore, in an era in which the means of dissemination of new information deserves as much creative attention as does its acquisition. 376 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Perhaps no scientific field in recent years has gained in techniques and applications as much as molecular biology, and it is certainly no ex aggeration to say that among all the applications of molecular biology, hematology in general, and hemopoiesis in particular, have benefited most. Owing to the applications of molecular biology, we now live in a golden era of hemopoiesis. Our understanding of the intricate regulatory system in hemopoiesis has vastly expanded. The potential for future exploration is ever expanding, and finally, the possibility of gene manipulation, has provided the promise of fundamental treatment and 'cure' of many genetic disorders involving hemopoietic cells. In the ambiance of this rapidly moving scientific era, the necessity for review of what is being accomplished and where the technical potential is taking us needs no argument. This volume presents the proceedings of the third annual symposium on the Molecular Biology of Hemopoiesis, held in the Rye Town Hilton, New York, November 6 and 7, 1987, under the auspices of New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York. The fact that this was the third regular symposium covering this area in itself testifies to a need for exchange of the rapidly developing knowledge in this area. But this third symposium also coincided with the centennial of the National Institutes of Health and consequently the symposium was dedicated to this festive occasion. 352 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Forensic, Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences are identification sciences dealing with criminal and delicate societal problems for which scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive x-rays (EDAX) and analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are providing increasingly definitive solutions. This is particularly true in the area of particulates. However, electron microscopists working independently in these three related fields are often called upon to identify particulates which have been well characterized by microscopists in one of the other fields of study. Exchange of information on particulate identification and techniques for analyzing new unusual samples has been difficult between the three disciplines. For example, automated search and identification of particulates has become a standard procedure in environmental and occupational health. The procedure, however, has yet to find its way into forensic laboratories for analysis of gunshot residue particles. This volume represents a beginning for collaboration and exchange of ideas between such areas of study with diverse interests but similar analytical problems. It is virtually certain that this effort will also interest other electron microscopists in some novel scientific problems with criminal and societal relevance. The volume presents full-length articles of several invited speakers and participants at the 'Forensic, Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences' Symposium held as a part of the EMSA-MAS Joint Annual Meeting, 5-9 August 1985, Louisville, Kentucky. Extended 2-4 page abstracts of these presentations have been published in the EMSA Proceedings (1985). 300 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Volume 4 of Contemporary Nephrology summarizes major advances in 16 different areas of nephrology during the years 1985 and 1986. Major changes in the composition of the Editorial Board and authorship of the different chapters have occurred in this volume. Six distinguished contributors have retired from the Editorial Board. They include Dr. Zalman A. Agus, Philadelphia; Dr. Robert Anderson, Denver; Dr. Eli Friedman, Brooklyn; Dr. Richard Glassock, Torrance, California; Dr. James Schafer, Birmingham, Alabama; and Dr. Gordon Williams, Bos ton. We are grateful to them for their outstanding contributions to the of this series and for their advice and suggestions as first three volumes members of the Editorial Board. They certainly deserve substantial credit for the success of this series. Seven outstanding academicians have joined the Board. They in clude Dr. Vito M. Campese, Professor of Medicine at the University of Southern California, who contributed the chapter on 'Recent Advances in the Role of the Renal Nervous System and Renin in Hypertension'; Dr. William G. Couser, Professor of Medicine and Head of the Division of Nephrology at the University of Washington in Seattle ('Immunologic Aspects of Renal Disease'); Dr. Garabed Eknoyan, Professor of Medicine and Vice Chairman of the Department of Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine ('The Uremic Syndrome'); Dr. H. David Humes, Associate Professor of Medicine and Chief of the Nephrology Section at the Uni versity of Michigan Medical School, Veterans Administration Medical Center ('Acute Renal Failure and Toxic Nephropathy'); Dr. 776 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The field of solar energy conversion has become an important discipline with a recognized potential to significantly contribute to the world supply of energy. It is diversified and encompasses a wide variety of disciplines - from mechanical engineering to physics, from biology to architecture, from ocean science to agriculture, from chemistry to atmospheric science, to name some of the major fields. It involves fields which have matured to the engineering aspects, such as the conversion of solar energy into heat or of wind into shaft work. It includes other fields in which more basic science research is necessary to unravel the micro-structures of nature, as, for example, for photovoltaic conversion or for certain bioengineering tasks. Several of these fields have elements which have been common knowledge for centuries but sometimes forgotten at times of cheap energy supplies, while others have barely started with first studies. Most of the fields have seen during the last decade a substantial advance in sophistication, in theoretical understanding, in demonstrated feasibility, in developing hardware, in field testing, with some moving into a phase of initial commercialization. 324 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The first book in the new Postcolonialism and Religions series offers a preview of the series focus on multireligious, indigenous, and transnational scholarly voices. In this book, the once arch enemies ofReligious studiesand Postcolonial theorybecome critical companions in shared analysis of major postcolonial themes. 199 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Study of the biological effect of magnetic fields is both a very old and a very recent area of investigation. A connection between health and the mysterious force of the lodestone has been suspected since the dawn of human culture. Nevertheless, only during the last decades has reliable evidence of biological effects of the magnetic field been dis covered. The purpose of this book is to bring together in one volume the present-day knowledge in all the active fields of biomagnetic research and at the same time to provide a theoretical and practical background to all scientists who wish to engage in investigations in this new disci pline. The need for such a comprehensive survey of current informa tion became evident to the editor from the interest manifested in the biomagnetic symposia and from the extended correspondence maintained by the Biomagnetic Research Foundation. It is hoped that the book will aid in attracting the interest of specialists and may thus serve as a catalyst for interdisciplinary exchange of ideas. 336 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -There is a unique nutritional commonality developing in research relating to coronary heart disease and cancer. The primary aim of this conference was to provide a forum for the leading researchers, clinicians, educators and administrators in these two fields to present a program on heart disease and cancer which included a) the major historical milestones, b) the present areas of greatest interest in research and therapy, c) the latest nutritional, molecular, and biotechnological advances, and d) a perspective on the most promising areas for future research and therapy. Scientists have long contended that research marches on the feet of methodology. Thus there are numerous examples of research fields opening secondary to methodological advances. Some examples are: 1) thin layer and gas-liquid chromatography which, along with high pressure liquid chromatography have broadened the line of advances in lipid research and 2) peR and the resultant impact on molecular biological approaches to several fields of science. The organizers of this conference thought the time was propitious for bringing together knowledge on newer aspects of molecular biological research with current advances in the two major areas of degenerative disease--coronary heart disease and cancer. Our knowledge of these 'killer diseases' has expanded greatly in the past few years and the advance has been catalyzed by use of an array of molecular biological techniques. Thanks to these, medical thinking in these areas is changing from considerations of treatment to strategies for prevention. 267 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The successful early adaptations of man involve a complex interplay of biological and cultural factors. There is a rapidly growing number of paleontologists and paleoanthropologists who are concerned with hominid foraging and the evolution of hunting. New techniques of paleoanthropology and taphonomy, and new information on human remains are added to the traditional approaches to the study of past human hunting and other foraging behavior. There is also a resurgence of interest in the early peopling of the New World. The present book is the result of the Ninth Annual Spring Systematics 10, 1986, in the Symposium, on the Evolution of Human Hunting, held on May Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. We are grateful to the NSF (grant no. BNS 8519960) for partial financial support in arranging the symposium. In preparation of this volume we have received assistance from many people, particularly the reviewers of individual chapters; it is impossible to name them all. We must however single out Drs. Richard G. Klein and Glen H. Cole for their encouragement at various stages of preparation of the symposium and this volume, and for being a help to the anthropological knowledge. Zbigniew Jastrzebski assisted with the figures and Paul K. Johnson diligently typed the camera-ready copy, and patiently coordinated the endless book-making chores. 476 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In the time-worn traditions of the transportation industry, ship pers and carriers regard one another as enemies. There is, to be sure, a certain degree of validity to such a viewpoint. An element of conflict will naturally be present in any vendor-purchaser relationship. The two, after all, are seeking distinctly different things from that relationship; and to a con siderable extent each party's success in realizing its own goals must be achieved at the expense of the other. At the same time, however, viewing that relationship as strictly zero-sum-a gain by one side always resulting in an equal and offsetting loss by the other-is a gross misconception. It overlooks the key reality that, no matter which party comes closest to its own objectives, the relationship, and the business transactions that flow from it, must ultimately benefit both. Without that level of mutual benefit the relationship will simply not exist (or will soon founder if it somehow does come into being); for it is only the self-interest of the two parties that impels them to establish and continue that relationship at all. In transportation, however, this element of mutuality-the attitude that the parties share a common interest in nurturing their relationship-is often forgotten. Instead of working to gether as, fundamentally, partners in a business transaction from which both expect to derive gains, they dedicate the bulk of their energies to fighting, rather than cooperating, with one another. 284 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In the writing of prefaces for works of this sort, most editors report being faced with similar challenges and have much in common in relating how these challenges are met. They acknowledge that their paramount ob jective is to provide more than an overview of topics but rather to offer selective critical reviews that will serve to advance theory and research in the particular area reviewed. The question of the appropriate audience to be addressed is usually answered by directing material to a potential audience of social scientists, graduate students, and, occasionally, ad vanced undergraduate students. Editors who are confronted with the problem of structuring their material often explore various means by which their social science discipline might be subdivided, then generally conclude that no particular classification strategy is superior. In elabo rating on the process by which the enterprise was initiated, editors typ ically resort to a panel of luminaries, who provide independent support for the idea and then offer both suggestions for topics and the authors who will write them. Editors usually concede that chapter topics and content do not reflect their original conception but are a compromise between their wishes and the authors' expertise and capabilities. Editors report that inevitable delays occur, authors drop out of projects and are replaced, and new topics are introduced. Finally, editors frequently con fess that the final product is incomplete, with gaps occurring because of failed commitments by authors or because authors could not be secured to write certain chapters. 396 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The emergence of reaction injection molding (RIM) has been fol lowed by the industry with mounting interest. RIM technology has brought to polymer processing a new flexibility and savings in both energy and capital investment. The new developments and the number of engineers and scientists working in RIM is growing at so fast a rate that there is need for sharing information on progress in this area. This book is based on papers presented at the International Symposium on Reaction Injection Molding which was held in 1981 in Atlanta, Georgia, and was sponsored by the American Chemical Society, Division of Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry. The book is divided into four parts covering different areas of RIM development. The first part is devoted to the future trends of RIM develop ment in the United States and Japan. The structure-properties relationship and effects of annealing on properties of RIM elastomers are covered in the second part. New non-urethane polymers such as polyamides, polyisocyanurates and polystyrene suitable for RIM processing are discussed in the third part. In the last part the engineering and technological aspects of RIM, such as glass reinforcement, mixing, flow and moldability are covered in detail. Finally I would like to thank Mrs. Iris Glebe for typing this book and for help with editing, and K. Zielinski for his assistance v vi PREFACE in reviewing and, when necessary, correcting some of the papers. Thanks is also due to the editors of Plenum for their patience and helpfulness. 316 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The first edition of this text was written primarily by one of the present authors (HAS), with a chapter on instrumentation contributed by a second (NLA). The volume was well received, and to keep the text up-to-date a second edition was planned. For this second edition, a third author (WEK) was invited, whose background complemented that of the other two. Each of the authors was assigned several chapters as his primary task while the complete manuscript remained the second ary responsibility of all three. It is hoped that this approach has resulted in a work that is even more thorough than the first edition in covering the basic concepts of infrared spectroscopy. NELSON L. ALPERT WILLIAM E. KEISER HERMAN A. SZYMANSKI v PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION My experience with the many infrared spectroscopy institutes held at Canisius College and many discussions with both beginners and experienced practitioners in infrared spectroscopy have convinced me that there is a need for an introductory text devoted entirely to infrared spectroscopy, a text which can be utilized even by those who approach this study with only a limited background. This volume sprang from that conviction. It is intended for all who wish to use infrared spec troscopy in research - especially chemists doing structural work - in routine control work, in industrial development, or in medical appli cations or those military applications where it is employed as an analytical tool. 552 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Investigation of The Nature of The Dominant Recombination Centers on The Real Surface of Germanium. Yu. F. Novototskii- Vlasov.- I. Electron Processes on the Surface of a Semiconductor.- 1. Surface States.- 2. Surface Conductivity.- 3. Surface Recombination.- II. Investigation Methods.- 1. Field Effect Method.- 2. Measurement of the Surface Recombination Velocity.- 3. Steady-State Photoconductivity Method.- 4. Combined Measurement Method.- 5. Optical System.- 6. Measuring Circuit.- 7. Thermostatting of the Sample.- 8. Heating of the Sample by a Current.- 9. Preparation of the Sample.- 10. Vacuum and Gas Admission System.- III. Experimental Results.- 1. Heating in Vacuum. Polar Molecules.- 2. Effect of Ozone on a Freshly Etched Germanium Surface.- 3. Heating in Vacuum to 650¿K.- 4. Effect of Ozone on a ¿Dehydrated¿ Surface.- 5. Influence of Water Vapor after Heating above 500¿K.- 6. Heating at High Temperatures.- 7. Heating at High Temperatures in Oxygen and Ozone.- IV. Discussion.- 1. Analysis of Experimental Data.- 2. Nature of the Compensating Effect of Water.- 3. Nature of Recombination Centers on Real Surface of Germanium.- Conclusions.- Literature Cited.- Theory of Electromagnetic Wave Absorption in Ideal and Nonideal Ionic Crystal Lattices. V. S. Vinogradov.- I. Review of Work on the Theory of Electromagnetic Wave Absorption by Ideal and Nonideal Crystal Lattices.- 1. Classical and Quantum Theories of Infrared Absorption and Dispersion in an Ideal Ionic Crystal Lattice.- 2. Theories Which Take Account of the Influence of Charged Defects on Electro- magnetic Wave Absorption by a Crystal Lattice.- II. The Hamiltonian and the Equations of Motion. Expression of the Complex Polarizability in Terms of Retarded Green¿s Functions.- 1. The Hamiltonian for a Lattice Containing Defects. Properties of Its Coefficients.- 2. Expression for the Complex Polarizability of the Lattice in Terms of Retarded Green¿s Functions.- 3. The Phonon Creation and Annihilation Operators. The Hamiltonian and the Polarizability in Terms of These Operators. Equations of Motion for Operators.- III. The Quantum Theory of Infrared Absorption and Dispersion in an Ideal Ionic Lattice.- 1. Equations for the Retarded Green¿s Functions.- 2. Solution of the Equations for the Green¿s Functions.- 3. Discussion.- IV. Absorption of Microwaves in an Ionic Crystal Lattice Containing Charged Defects.- 1. Equations for the Retarded Green¿s Functions.- 2. Solution.of the Equations for the Green¿s Functions. Expression for the Imaginary Part of the Complex Polarizability.- 3. Calculation of the Coefficient (vi -i~y).- 4. Calculation of j (vi-yi y-vi)o q(y-vi).- 5. Expressions for the Imaginary Part of the Permittivity in the Case of Point and Linear Charged Defects.- 6. Discussion of the Results. Comparison of Theory and Experiment.- Conclusions.- Appendix A. The form of the Coefficients (yy¿¿y(n))(ii¿¿ i(n))¿ and (yy¿¿y(n))(ii¿¿ i(n))¿ for Forces between Pairs of Ions.- Appendix B. Calculation of the Polarization Vectors w (k yj)and the Frequencies (yj) for Small y in the Isotropic Case.- Appendix C. Applicability of the Born Approximation in Calculating the Scattering of Lattice Waves by Charged Defects.- Literature Cited.- Vibrational Spectra of Strontium, Barium, and Calcium Titanates. V. N. Murzin.- I. Introduction.- 1. Vibrational Spectrum of SrTiO3-Type Crystals.- 2. Features of the Vibrational Spectra of Perovskite Ferroelectrics.- II. Experimental Method.- 1. Spectrophotometer for the Far-Infrared Region.- 2. Method of Measurement in the Submillimeter and Radio Ranges.- 3. Method of Preparation of the Samples.- III. The Spectrum of Normal Modes of Vibration in Crystals of Perovskite Type.- IV. Experimental Results and Their Interpretation.- 1. Transmission and Reflection Spectra.- 2. Determination of the Spectral Variation of the Complex Permittivity. The Vibrational Spectrum of SrTiO3, BaTiO3, a. …

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This collection of notes was assembled as a supplement and guide to a five-day short course presented at the University of California at Berkeley, September 22-26, 1969. The scope of subject matter, while limited to combustion as a source of air pollution, at the same time is intended to give the broadest possible exposure within that area. The spectrum is deliberately wide, ranging from fundamen tals of combustion and combustion reactions through performance of combustion systems and to legal and administrative control. Contributors to this compendium and lecturers in the subject were solicited from academic and public organizations. Most of the authors are from the statewide University of California and the California Department of Public Health. Notable individuals with particular ex pertise, from other institutions, were also invited to contribute. The choice of instructor in each case was based upon a desire to col lect a cross-section of outstanding individuals, each highly qualified technically in his field. These notes reflect the freedom which each author was encouraged to follow in providing supplementary material for his lecture. The staff of Continuing Education in Engineering, Professor Thomas Hazlett and Daphne Stern, deserve commendation for their effective and successful handling of the innumerable details which were encountered. Professors Robert Sawyer and Laurence Caretto are herewith gratefully acknowledged for their support in the seemingly uncountable tasks ne cessary to assemble the entity which is represented. 348 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -A growing sophistication of the American populace about the nature and realities of the impact of the environment on prenatal development was not much in evi dence in 1983. Continuing accusations against Agent Orange and Bendectin high light what must be a deep credulousness and need to blame others for one's bio logical misfortunes. We despair that ignorance and nonaccountability can be dissipated by objective means. But one can only learn and teach and hope. The need to know what causes congenital malformations becomes more imperative as they become the last major holdout, the most unyielding of all the reasons babies still die and are seriously ill. In the aggregate, congenital malfor mations are now the cause of about one-third of the deaths of infants less than one month old and one-fifth of the deaths of those under one year old, up 50% in the last two decades. In the instance of one suspected cause of congenital malformations, maternal insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, while the perinatal mortality rate of children of such women has gone down greatly since World War II, the fraction of deaths due to congenital malformations has grown correspondingly and is now approach ing 50%. Present-day knowledge of the causes of congenital malformations is most imperfect. A recent authoritative review found that there is understanding to one extent or another of the causation of less than half of all congenital malformations. 536 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Until recently, the interpretation of data obtained in seismic exploration has been based on comparatively simple representations of the Earth. The most commonly used representation for the Earthhas been a set of thick layers, each characterized by a single value for the propa gation speed of seismic waves. During the last several years, more complicated representa tions in the form of thin layers with vertical velocity gradients, as weIl as homogeneous thin layers have been considered. New methods for studying propagation speeds in a medium, particularly ultrasonic logging methods, and the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the dynamic characteristics of seismic waves have revealed that areal Earth is considerably more complicated than the simple models accepted in the past. This has led to a need for more realistic representations of the real Earth as a medium through wh ich seismic waves propagate. Because of this, tlie Department of Seismic Exploration Methods of the Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Acad emy of Sciences of the USSR has been carrying out both experimental and theoretical studies on the topic 'Selection of Physical Representations of Actual Media and the Study of the Correspond ing Wave Propagation Effects. ' Three major subdivisions have been recognized within this over all pro gram: 1. The establishment of a direct relationship between the structure of a real medium and the basic wave-propagation characteristics. 216 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The rapid development of powerful pulsed lasers is at the origin of a conside rable interest in studying the response of an atom, a molecule (or a solid) to a strong electromagnetic field. It is now possible to produce at the laboratory scale, ultra-short 13 pulses with a duration of 100 femtoseconds (10- second) and a power of the order 12 of 1 terawatt (10 Watt). Under these conditions, very high peak intensities may be obtained and electric fields exceeding typical electron binding fields in atoms are generated. The interaction of an atom or a molecule with such electromagnetic fields has a highly non-linear character which leads to unexpected phenomena. Amongst them, - above-threshold ionization (ATI) i.e. the absorption of additional photons in excess of the minimal number necessary to overcome the ionization potential and its molecular counterpart, above-threshold dissociation (ATD); - generation of very high harmonics of the driving field; - stabilization of one-electron systems in strong fields. These processes were the main topics of two international meetings which were held in 1989 and 1991 in the United States under the common name SILAP (Super-Intense Laser-Atom Physics). 520 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Cryogenics is an emerging technology filled with promises. Many cryogenic systems demand the use of nonmetallics and composites for adequate or increased performance. Thermal and electrical insulations, potting for superconducting magnets' mechanical sta bility, and composite structures appear to be some of the most significant applications. Research on nonmetallics at cryogenic temperatures has not progressed to the degree of research on metals. Nor can room temperature research be extrapolated to low tempera tures; most polymers undergo a phase transformation to the glassy state below room temperature. Research by producers, for the most part, has not been prac tical, because, except for LNG applications, the market for large material sales is not imminent. There are, however, many government stimulated developmental programs. Research on nonmetallics thus is dictated by development project needs, which require studies orien ted toward prototype hardware and specific objectives. As a result, research continuity suffers. Under these conditions, periodic topical conferences on this subject are needed. Industry and uni versity studies must be encouraged. Designers and project research material specialists need to exchange experiences and data. Low temperature-oriented research groups, such as the National Bureau of Standards and the Institute for Technical Physics - Karlsruhe, must contribute by assisting with fundamentals, interpreting proj ect data, and contributing to project programs through their materials research. 460 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In our earlier monograph 'Mlcrohardness of Metals' [1], published in 1962, we attempted to correlate a variety of investigations scattered throughout a number of journals with the gen eral theme of solving problems of physicochemical analysis and metallography by microhard ness measurements. The publication of 'Microhardness of Metals' promoted the widespread use of this tech nique in studying physicochemical phenomena in various materials. In recent years the micro hardness method has been used most extensively in studying semiconducting materials, and this has necessitated the revision of the monograph with the aim of incorporating new experi mental data relating to both metals and semiconductors. The greater proportion of the material presented in this book reflects the authors' own investigations. other investtgations associated with the use of the microhardness method in tOO physicochemical analysis of metallic and semiconducting systems are also taken into account. The authors are extremely indebted to Academician G. G. Urazov for his great interest in this work at its inception and for a number of valuable comments regarding the possibility of using the microhardness technique in physicochemical analysis. Sincere thanks are extended to Academician A. A. Bochvar and Professors A. N. Krestov nikov, M. M. Khrushchov, M. V. Mal'tsev, M. V. Zakharov, and I. I. Novikov for their interest in these investigations. 244 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Volumes 30 and 31 of this series, dealing with '~1any Degrees of Freedom,' contain the proceedings of the 1976 International Summer Institute of Theoretical Physics, held at the University of Bielefeld from August 23 to September 4, 1976. This Institute was the eighth in a series of summer schools devoted to particle physics and organized by universities and research institutes in the Federal Republic of Germany. Many degrees of freedom and collective phenomena playa critical role in the description and understanding of elementary particles. The lectures in this volume were intended to show how a combination of theoretical prejudices and experimental results can lead to the crys tallization of models and theories. Topics ranged from quark, parton, and bag model~ to du~l unitarization, from cluster pictures to hadron-nucleus collisions and to astrophysical implications. The Institute took place at the Center for Inter disciplinary Research of the University of Bielefeld. On behalf of all participants, it is a pleasure to thank the officials and the administration of the Center for their cooperation and help before and during the Institute. Special thanks go to V.C. Fulland, M. Kamper, and A. Kpt tenkamp for their rapid and competent preparation of the manuscripts. 576 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The papers presented at the Fifth International Symposium on Heart Valves and published in this volume discuss clinical experience with heart valve replacement in pediatric patients, in adults (age 65 and younger), and in the elderly (age 66 and older). Special considerations in heart valve replacement, such as valve selection, reoperation, results of double valve implantation, quality of life, and the use of valved conduits are also included. Finally, long term clinical follow-up with the ST. JUDE MEDICAL® heart valve, giving 7- and 8-year data is discussed. HEART VALVE REPLACEMENT IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS Anticoagulation Anticoagulation in children is a difficult and interesting problem. Three princi pal considerations in the use of anticoagulants are patient education, timing, and anticoagulating substance. Additional considerations are patient tolerance and compliance. Generally, the findings indicate, if pediatric patients receive anticoagulation following mechanical valve replacement, it is well accepted and results in few complications. If children are not anticoagulated, complications arise. Conflicting results regarding the efficacy of PERSANTINE® and the use of aspirin vs. COUMADIN® were reported. Doctor Sade's data address some of these questions. \* After a 5-year study in \* See J Thorac Cardiovasc Surgery 1988; 95:533-561. 356 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -For centuries the 'treatment' of mentally disturbed individuals was quite simple. They were accused of collusion with evil spirits, hunted, and persecuted. The last 'witch' was killed as late as 1782 in Switzerland. Mentally disturbed people did not fare much better even when the witchhunting days were gone. John Christian Reil gave the following description of mental pa tients at the crossroads of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries: We incarcerate these miserable creatures as if they were criminals in abandoned jails, near to the lairs of owls in barren canyons beyond the city gates, or in damp dungeons of prisons, where never a pitying look of a humanitarian penetrates; and we let them, in chains, rot in their own excrement. Their fetters have eaten off the flesh of their bones, and their emaciated pale faces look expectantly toward the graves which will end their misery and cover up our shamefulness. (1803) The great reforms introduced by Philippe Pinel at Bicetre in 1793 augured the beginning of a new approach. Pinel ascribed the 'sick role,' and called for compas sion and help. One does not need to know much about those he wants to hurt, but one must know a lot in order to help. Pinel's reform was followed by a rapid develop ment in research of causes, symptoms, and remedies of mental disorders. There are two main prerequisites for planning a treatment strategy. 936 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -It has often been said that the laser is a solution searching for a problem. The rapid development of laser technology over the past dozen years has led to the availability of reliable, industrially rated laser sources with a wide variety of output characteristics. This, in turn, has resulted in new laser applications as the laser becomes a familiar processing and analytical tool. The field of materials science, in particular, has become a fertile one for new laser applications. Laser annealing, alloying, cladding, and heat treating were all but unknown 10 years ago. Today, each is a separate, dynamic field of research activity with many of the early laboratory experiments resulting in the development of new industrial processing techniques using laser technology. Ten years ago, chemical processing was in its infancy awaiting, primarily, the development of reliable tunable laser sources. Now, with tunability over the entire spectrum from the vacuum ultraviolet to the far infrared, photo chemistry is undergoing revolutionary changes with several proven and many promising commercial laser processing operations as the result. The ability of laser sources to project a probing beam of light into remote or hostile environments has led to the development of a wide variety of new analytical techniques in environmental and laboratory analysis. Many of these are reviewed in this book. 480 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Radiation Emitted from Semiconductor Lasers in Strong Magnetic Fields and under High Hydrostatic Pressures.- I Influence of Magnetic Fields and High Pressures on Energy Spectra of Semiconductors.- ¿1. Influence of Magnetic Fields on Energy Structure of III¿V and IV¿VI Semiconductor Compounds.- ¿2. Influence of Pressure on Energy Structures of III¿V and IV¿VI Compounds.- ¿3. Characteristics of Semiconductor Laser Operation Affected by Variation of Temperature, Pressure, and Magnetic Field.- II Experimental Method.- ¿1. Apparatus for Excitation of Injection Lasers and Recording of Emission Spectra.- ¿2. Q-Switched CO2 Laser.- ¿3. Technique Used in Low-Tempe rature Magnetooptic Investigations at Infrared Wavelengths.- ¿4. Apparatus Used in Optical Measurements at Infrared Wavelengths under High Hydrostatic Pressures at 77¿K.- ¿5. Zinc- and Copper-Doped Germanium Infrared-Radiation Detectors.- ¿6. Scanning of Infrared Radiation Emitted from InSb Crystals.- ¿7. Other Measurements.- III Influence of Magnetic Fields on Emission Spectra of p-n Junctions in InAs, InSb, and PbSe.- ¿1. Spontaneous and Coherent Radiation Emitted from InAs Injection Lasers.- ¿2. Radiation Emitted from InSb Injection Lasers in Strong Magnetic Fields. Position of Light-Emission Region.- ¿3. Spontaneous and Coherent Radiation Emitted from p-n Junctions in PbSe.- IV Magnetically Tuned Stimulated Raman Emission from Indium Antimonide.- ¿1. Raman Scattering of Light by Plasmons and Landau Levels in Semiconductors.- ¿2. Stimulated Raman Scattering of Light Accompanied by Spin Flip in Indium Antimonide.- ¿3. Discussion of Results.- V Influence of Pressure on Radiation Emitted from Lead Selenide and Gallium Arsenide Semiconductor Lasers.- ¿1. Emission Spectra of PbSe Lasers.- ¿2. Emission Spectra of GaAs Lasers.- ¿3. Discussion of Results.- Conclusions.- Literature Cited.- Investigation of the Collective Properties of Excitons in Germanium by Long-Wavelength Infrared Spectroscopy Methods.- I Energy Spectra and Collective Properties of Excitons in Semiconductors.- 1. Energy Spectrum of Excitons.- ¿1. Theoretical Calculations.- ¿2. Experimental Results.- 2. Collective Properties of Exciton Systems.- ¿1. Theoretical Representations.- ¿2. Discussion of Experimental Results.- II Methods used in Far-Infrared Investigations of Excitons in Semiconductors.- ¿1. Spectroscopic Measurements.- ¿2. Apparatus Used in Low-Tempe rature Optical Measurements under Interband Excitation Conditions.- ¿3. Sources of Exciting Radiation.- ¿4. Thermal Conditions.- III Far-Infrared Resonance Absorption in Condensed Exciton Phase in Germanium.- ¿1. Absorption Spectra of Intrinsic Germanium.- ¿2. Discussion of Parameters of Electron ¿Hole Drops (n0 and ).- ¿3. Temperature Dependence of Resonance Absorption.- ¿4. Dependence of Resonance Absorption on Excitation Rate.- ¿5. Resonance Absorption in Doped Germanium.- IV Resonance Luminescence of Condensed Exciton Phase in Germanium.- ¿1. Experimental Investigation of Resonance Luminescence.- ¿2. Discussion of Experimental Results. Effective Luminescence Temperature of Drops.- ¿3. Influence of Inhomogeneous Deformation on Resonance Absorption and Luminescence. Mobility of Electron-Hole Drops.- V Photoionization and Excitation of Free Excitons in Germanium by Submillimeter Radiation.- ¿1. Photoionization and Excitation Spectra.- ¿2. Discussion of Experimental Results. Energy Levels of Excitons.- Literature Cited.- Collective Interactions of Excitons and Nonequilibrium Carriers in Gallium Arsenide and Silicon.- I Collective Interactions of Excitons in Semiconductors.- II Measurement Method.- ¿1. Optical System and Method of Recording Luminescence during Continuous Optical Excitation.- ¿2. Optical System and Method of Recording Luminescence Due to High-Power Light Pulses.- ¿3. Temperature Measurement Method.- ¿4. Determination of Temperature Rise in a Semiconductor during Continuous. …

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This Advanced Study Institute (ASI) brought together two distinct 'schools of approach' to Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) in the presence of intense, external, electromagnetic fields, in an effort to lay a joint foundation for a needed theoretical explanation of the sharp e+ e- 'resonances' observed in the scattering of very heavy IOns. These (GSI/Darmstadt) experiments, whose history, latest reconfirmations, and most recent data were presented in three opening sessions (Bokemeyer, Koenig), show a smooth background of positron (e+) production, as a function of e+ kinetic energy. Superimposed upon this background are four very sharp peaks, of narrow widths (~ 30 KeV) and of clear experimental significance ('' 5 standard deviations). Most ofthese peaks correspond to sharp, essentially back-to-back electron-positron emission in the ions' center of mass. Following the approach of 'supercritical' potential theory (SPT), where the total ionic charge unit Z satisfies Z 137, it has been possible to provide a detailed and apparently correct understanding of the smooth e+ e- background; a coherent description of different facets of this approach, emphasizing the nature of the charged, supercritical vacuum, was described by the authors responsible for the invention of SPT (Greiner, Muller, Rafelski). In addition, predictions for related phenomena were outlined by other lecturers using the SPT approach (Bawin, Soff, SsJrensen). 456 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Etat : Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume contains the lectures and seminars on Coronas, Gas Discharges, Diagnostics, Plasma Chemistry, and Applications pre sented at the Advanced Study Institute on Breakdown and Discharges in Gases. The Institute was held in Les Arcs, France, during June 28 to July 10, 1981. The first volume has been devoted to the areas of Basic Discharge Processes, Kinetic Theory and Gas Break down. This collection is both tutorial and representative of the state of the field. We hope it will be useful both to beginners and experienced researchers. We are grateful to a number of organizations for providing financial assistance. The Scientific Affiars Division of NATO provided the major contribution for the Institute. The Office of Naval Research, the Naval Surface Weapons Center at Dahlgren, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Air Force Weapons Laboratory provided additional support. The National Science Foun dation financed the travel of one student. We would like to acknowledge the many people who helped us organize and carry the Institute to its successful completion. 480 pp. Englisch. …